Syllabus for
Bachelor of Business Administration (Tourism and Travel Management)
Academic Year  (2020)

Course Description: This subject is a comprehensive learning on what management is all about and different schools of thoughts on management. It gives a clear understanding of management practices and the various functions of management and also gives away the principles of management developed by eminent management thinkers. The syllabus is structured to provide basic conceptual knowledge on the principles of planning, organizing, staffing, motivation, leadership, controlling and to offer orientation to the recent dynamics of managerial practice.

Course Objectives: This course attempts to introduce the basic concepts, functions and processes of management and it enables students to develop competencies and knowledge to become an effective manager.

Moshal, B.S. Principles of Management, Ane Books.

Any organisation which deals with money or money’s worth needs to record every transaction that it enters into. This course is essential for all individuals exposed to financial information in the workplace and involved in the preparation or use of company financial statements.It intends to introduce basic accounting principles and practices. It also deals with subsidiary books maintained in business organizations. The students will have knowledge about the fundamental accounting processes such as journalizing, ledger posting, preparation of trial balance and final accounts in sole trading business. It also deals with providing an overview of accounting standards and IFRS. This course will be useful for all those who are desirous of having an understanding and application of financial dynamics of the business and become successful financial managers/entrepreneurs.

Course Description: Business environment is an integral part of the economic system. This course helps in the economic way of thinking which aids in establishing a connection between unlimited wants and limited resources available to an individual, firm and the society.This course deals with the application of economic analysis in formulation of business decisions. In this context, the course deals with demand, supply, pricing, theory of consumer choice and theories of production. 

Course Objectives

• To describe how economic trade-offs and social values impact business decisions
• To understand the causes and consequences of different market conditions
• To explain the theory of consumer choice using the utility concepts
• To apply the concept of equilibrium to firms
• To apply the theory of production and cost while making business decisions
• To evaluate the efficiency and inefficiency of the markets from the point of view of consumers and the producers

• Illustrate society's trade-offs by using Production Possibility Frontier 
• Explain how consumers maximise total utility within a given income using the utility concepts
• Explain the effect of shifts in market supply and demand curves on price and quantity produced by firms
• Demonstrate the relationship between cost and production functions
• Examine the effects of negative and positive externalities and examine the real-world externality situations
• Compare and contrast the pricing mechanism and output determination under different market conditions

Course Description:

This paper introduces the important concepts and terminologies of tourism and their usage. It explains the emerging trends and changing scenario of tourism industry. It also elucidates the impacts and motivations of travel and tourism

Course Objectives:

• To provide an understanding of various concepts of tourism
• To explain the different travel motivations of the tourists
• To identify the major and minor tourism and supply components
• To discuss the concepts and demand in tourism and the use of statistics and research to analyze the demand for the tourism market
• To evaluate various impacts of tourism on economic, environmental and socio-cultural
• To elaborate on the future of tourism with regard to emerging trend and issues

Definition, Origin and growth of tourism; Characteristics of Tourism, Interrelationships and classifications Tourism System; Typologies of tourists, Distinction between travellers, visitor, tourists, excursionists and transit visitor. History of Tourism, Famous Travelers –Tourism Deterrents War, Political and Civil Unrest, Inadequate Facilities, Non-Accessibility, International and national growth; Development of tourism in India, Sargent committee, Tourist Information offices, Formation of Ministry of Tourism, Setting up of Department of Tourism, developments that have taken place, and the present position. 

Why do people travel, travel for business, travel for pleasure, romance of pleasure travel, changing perspective of pleasure, need for change, travel for health, travel for seeking knowledge, Vagabondage, Trip and fun, pleasures for pre and post travel, travel and second/holiday homes, travel as a challenge, travel as a means to sharpen perspectives, travel and the social perspective, holidaying as a cultural norm, to travel or no to travel- importance of motivation, travel as a satisfier of needs or wants, needs, wants and motives,  Tourist learning process, motivation for travelling/ tourism, tourists with no or constrained choice, studies on travel motivations, Gray’s interpretations, Lundberg’s View; Educational and cultural motives, relaxation and pleasure, ethnic and others, MacIntoshCategorisation, Robinson’s Classifications; relaxation and refreshment of body and mind, health, pleasure, curiosity and culture, Interpersonal reasons, spiritual purpose, Professional or Business reasons, Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs model and travel motivations, Plog’s psychographics classification of tourists and travel motivations;  Alo centric motivation, Near-Alo centric Motivations, Mid centric Motivations, Near- Psycho centric and Psycho centric Motivations, Travel Motivations as related to Demographics.

Major and Minor Components of Tourism: Attraction, Accommodation, Accessibility, Amenities, Activities; Ancillary components; geographical elements, Types of Travel: Leisure, Cultural Tourism, VFR, Corporate, Incentive, Wildlife, Adventure, Pilgrimage, Education, Ecotourism, Study and analysis, International – Domestic – Regional Tours   Tourism Components and Supply; Supply components, Natural resources, Built environments, Operating sectors, Matching supply with demand.

Managing Tourism demand; Definition, Concepts, Demand Schedule, Measuring Demand for Tourism, Tourism Demand Determinants and Forecasting - Determinants of Demand for Tourism, Suppress Demand for Tourism, Forecasting Tourism Demand.

Economic- The generation of economic impacts by tourist spending, leakages of expenditure, out of local economy, measurement of economic impact, multiplier concept, types of multiplier, methodological approaches, weakness and limitations of multiplier model, policy implication of multiplier analysis. Environmental Impacts- Environmental impact assessment, EIA process, environmental auditing, environmental action programmes. Socio- Cultural Impacts- Nature of socio-cultural impact of tourism approaches to the study of socio-cultural impact of tourism, tourism developmental process, psychological basis of tourism development, sociological basis of tourism development, general negative socio- cultural impacts of tourism, specific negative socio-cultural impacts of tourism, general positive socio-cultural impacts associated with tourism, methods of measuring the socio- cultural impacts of tourism

Product approach, institutional approach, managerial approach, geographical approach, sociological approach, historical approach, economic approach, inter-disciplinary approach. Sociology of tourism; Effects on the individual, effects on the family, effects on the society, life characteristics and travel, emergence of group travel patterns, social(subsidized)tourism, Barriers to travel.

Changing scenario of the tourism industry- SMERFS- tourists with special needs and differently abled tourist- emerging types of tourism- tourism distribution system- online travel agents- zero percent commission era- Government initiatives for tourism.

The future of tourism: The external environment for tourism; future drivers, social drivers of change, safety, security and risk, climate change, human resources for tourism, future drivers of the tourism system, future tourism product markets

Barwick, J., & Barwick, J. (2011). Tourism. Abbotsford, Vic.: Echidna.

Hannam, K., &Ateljevic, I. (2007). Backpacker tourism: Concepts and profiles. Clevedon, UK: Channel View Publications.

The course develops social sensitivity skill, a practice by which an individual can observe, identify, and understand the indications from socio-cultural contexts and social interactions or relationships. Social sensitivity allows students to be respectful of people around them and their respective environment. Social sensitivity combines emotional, social, and adaptive intelligence and helps students to fully prepare for ‘new normal’ expectations from all walks of life, especially business.

Course Objectives:

1)      To create self-awareness on social and cultural diversity and individuality

2)      To sensitize in responsible and meaningful behaviour with multicultural people and/or milieu

CLO2 Develop empathy, objective analysis, and self-reflection

UNIT–I                                                                                                                       10 Hrs

Level of Knowledge: Basic

Capacity building – how to listen, how to observe, how to interact, how to participate, how to develop ‘we-feeling’, how to understand ‘other’, how to solve problems.

EVALUATION–I                                                                                                       3 Hrs

Individual Activity

Capturing Lifestory – Choose a person you like and ask him/her to narrate the lifestory to you. Record it and convert into text exactly (verbal and nonverbal cues - voice, tone, emotions, pause, etc.). Now interpret (without any judgment) his/her lifestory in your own words and present it in the class.

Level of Knowledge: Conceptual

Relationship building – emotional intelligence, social intelligence, adaptive intelligence, mindfulness, daily reflection, acceptable and respectful behaviour, positive and helping attitude, constructive criticism and feedback.

EVALUATION–II                                                                                                         3 Hrs

Group Activity (2 member team)

Exchanging Culture– Choose a classmate from a very different cultural background than your own. Interact with each other and learn about each other’s culture. Make notes on the cultural differences and cultural shock (if any) with thoughtful understanding. Present each other’s culture as a team in the class - highlighting uniqueness in your friend’s culture, breaking stereotypes and identity labelling of his/her culture.

Individual Activity

Capturing Lifestory – Choose a person you like and ask him/her to narrate the lifestory to you. Record it and convert into text exactly (verbal and nonverbal cues - voice, tone, emotions, pause, etc.). Now interpret (without any judgment) his/her lifestory in your own words and present it in the class. ( 50 Marks)

EVALUATION–II                                                                                                         3 Hrs

Group Activity (2 member team)

Exchanging Culture– Choose a classmate from a very different cultural background than your own. Interact with each other and learn about each other’s culture. Make notes on the cultural differences and cultural shock (if any) with thoughtful understanding. Present each other’s culture as a team in the class - highlighting uniqueness in your friend’s culture, breaking stereotypes and identity labelling of his/her culture.

To create a sense of ownership of issues related to CSR, Environment and sustainability of businesses.

Understand the basic concept of Sustainable Development (SD), the environmental, social and economic dimensions.

To teach how to critically analyze, evaluate and judge competing perspectives on the challenge of creating a sustainablefuture.

To understand the Sustainable development challenge for companies, their responsibility and their potentials for action.

Ability to create sustainable organizations

Meaning and Scope, Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability, Sustainability Terminologies and Meanings, why is Sustainability an Imperative, Sustainability Case Studies, Triple Bottom Line (TBL)

Reasons to adopt sustainable strategy by firms, tools used by the firm to implement their sustainable development strategies, evaluation of firm’s commitment to sustainable strategies by the stakeholders.

Using Standards, Certification and other Systems to further SD goals Introduction, Global management systems exist to guide firms in establishing and implementing a strategy,how do these various approaches, including certification, encourage sustainable business practices.

Establishing priorities for sustainable future, Role of women in sustainability, Challenge of creating a green economy, Sustainability crisis in 21^st century, failures of global capitalism, transforming global capitalism, creating a restorative economy.

Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines, National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibilities of, Business, International Standards, Sustainability Indices, Principles of Responsible Investment, Challenges in Mainstreaming Sustainability Reporting, Sustainability Reporting Case Studies

2.      Concepts of Environmental Management for Sustainable Development

3.      Baxi C. V & Rupamanjari Sinha Ray, (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility: A Study of CSR Practices in Indian Industry, Vikas Publishing House.

4.      Corporate Goverance – Badi N. V, Vrinda Publications, 2012.

5.      Fernando A. C, (2011). Corporate Governance: principles, policies and practices, Pearson.

6.      Ghosh B. N, (2012). Business Ethics and Corporate Governance , Tata McGraw-Hill.

7.      Keshoo Prasad, Corporate Governance -, PHI.

8.      Lawrence and Weber, (2010). Business and Society, Tata McGraw-Hill.

CIA 2 - Mid sem Class exam (25 marks)

CIA 3 - Group presentation and report for pre allotted topics.(20 marks)

End sem - Class exam (30 marks)

To examine health in its truest sense, one must explore beyond the limits of medicine to engage a much wider set of questions embracing social, cultural, political, economic, moral and spiritual aspects of human experience. The course focuses on the knowledge and skills that students require to lead a healthy, productive and balanced life.

• Explain health as a multi-dimensional and dynamic concept, which necessarily integrates individual, societal, biomedical, spiritual, cultural and historical influences, and how this relates to health issues encountered in everyday life.
• Assess the inter-relatedness of health perceptions and practices across cultures.

Balanced diet & Nutrition, Macro and micro nutrients – Nutritive and non nutritive components of diet – Eating for weight control – healthy weight – The pitfalls of dieting – food intolerance and food myths – Food supplements for adolescents. 

What is sleep? – The phylogeny of sleep – Developmental course of sleep – Dreams- Functions of sleep – Daytime sleepiness and alertness – Sleep disorders.

Course Description:

The Mahabharata of the great Maharishi Veda Vyasa is a treasure trove of knowledge, principles and paradigms. It is written that what is not in the Mahabharata will not be found elsewhere. Written nearly thousands of years ago, the Mahabharata is as yet a source of knowledge, especially modern management principles.In essence it highlights the victory of Dharma in times of Adharma.This subject is a comprehensive learning on management lessons which can be inferred from the great epic. It gives a clear understanding and comparison of management Principles, practices and the various functions of management with the epic. The syllabus is structured to provide basic conceptual knowledge on the principles of management. It also deals with behavioral issues in the individual processes, group and interpersonal processes.

Course Objectives:

•  Discuss the epic by summarizing the various parvas/units in class in accordance with the management concept
•  Review and make a critical estimate of the epic with a focus on morals, ethics, legal and management concepts
• To develop competencies and knowledge of students to become effective professionals

• Students will get to know determination and hard work and its implication on business decision
• Students will be able to appreciate the role of general management for the success of an organization.
• This subject will enable them to enhance their Moral, social, ethical and professional skills
• To understand the manner in which strategic and competitive advantage is developed

The older generations-The Pandava and Kaurava princes- Lakshagraha (the house of lac)

Establishment of the kingdom-Administration and Management principles

Marriage to Draupadi- An event study approach.

Indraprastha-A new beginning- Pressure for change – Change process, Types of change, Factors influencing change, Resistance to change

The dice game- Cooperative strategies & Reasons for strategic alliances-

Exile and return- Risks and costs of strategic alliances

The battle at Kurukshetra - Strategic Planning and Management- levels at which strategy operates- Event approaches to strategic decision making,

The end of the Pandavas- Succession Planning,Authority and Responsibility

The reunion Organizing- Choosing the organizational structure

Rao, V.S.P., & Krishna, V.H., (2011). Strategic Management: Text and Cases. New Delhi: Excel Books.

Pratap Chandra Roy ,The complete Mahabharata translated into English prose directly from the original sanskrit text.(1^st Edition) oriental publishing co.

Source: Jaya - An Illustrated Retelling of the Mahabharata

MSE   30 Marks

CIA 3 10 Marks

End Assesment 50 Marks

Any individual can have a real-time video conversation with someone on the other side of the planet, one can send and receive money without even taking out their wallet, and even can post content online that reaches millions of people in a matter minutes. Unfortunately, the same technology that enables all this new freedom and convenience also exposes us to new security threats that we've never encountered. Malware that infects your computer and watches everything you do, phishing scams that steal private information from millions of people - today's digital world is a criminal's playground. It makes the process of stealing money or even stealing someone's entire identity way more efficient. Hence it becomes very important to protect yourself and your private data from cyber intruders. This course outlines a step-by-step roadmap that one can follow to build a tight wall of security around your digital life.

Course Objectives:

This course gives the background needed to understand basic cyber security. Students will be introduced to the world of spyware, phishing, malware, spam, social engineering, hacking and other common internet spying techniques. Students will also learn the intervention methods in securing themselves in cyber space.

Why security matters – The importance of multi-layer security – the most common security threats – The dark side of Internet – The world of malware – phishing – social engineering – scams – hacking –cyber warfare.

Developing the right mindset and habits for security – the importance of skepticism – avoiding malicious sites and applications – Tools needed to browse the Internet securely - why software updates matter – knowing (and limiting yourself).

Why mobile security matters – setting up a passcode lock –importance of password security – best practices – using password manager- managing third-party app permissions – locating a lost or stolen smartphone.

Framework – types of mobile two-factor authentication – Two-Factor authentication: Google, Facebook, Twitter and other services - danger of rogue connected apps – managing connected apps on Google and Facebook – managing browser extensions/add-ons – staying secure with connected apps and extensions.

Encryption definition – How SSL (HTTPS) protects your passwords and private data - encrypting your web traffic with a virtual private network (VPN) – encrypting computer's hard drive – encrypting smartphone – firewalls – antivirus.

·        Arora, A. (2014). Information Warfare and Cyber Security. Jaipur: Book Enclave.

·       Santanam, R., Sethumadhavan, M., & Virendra, M. (2011). Cyber security, cybercrime and cyber forensics: Applications and perspectives. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.

·         Ahamad, F. (2013). Cyber Law and Information Security. New Delhi: Dreamtech Press.

CIA II - 25 marks

CIA III - 20 marks

End Semester - 30 marks

Attendance - 05 marks

The Course presents several of the operational projects implemented by, or with the support of UNESCO, to illustrate how cultural tourism policies developed in the spirit of the principles and values contained in the texts, standard-setting instruments, declarations and recommendations adopted by UNESCO, are put into practice.

To open a debate on the complex questions that surround the relations between culture and tourism, tourism and development, and tourism and dialogue among cultures.

• To use Tourism as an instrument to bring individuals and human communities into contact
• To understand the role of cultures and civilizations in facilitating dialogue among cultures
• To recognise the capacity of Tourism in assisting the world’s inhabitants to live better together and thereby contribute to the construction of peace in the minds of men and women

Finding Meaning through Tourism, Tourism as a World of Paradoxes, The Centrality of Experiences, Changing Contexts and Emerging Challenges in the Context of Development

Culture, Heritage and Diversity as Tourism Resources, Understanding Culture and Cultural Resources in Tourism, Cultural Tourism as a Means of Economic Development, Developing the Cultural Supply Chain, Exploitation of Culture

Tourist – Host Encounters, The Role of Routers / Intermediaries / Media, Tourism – Tourist Education, Cross Cultural Understanding

Introduction to the Natural Environment, Tourism and the Spirit of Nature, Fragile and Vulnerable Ecosystems, Cultural Implications of Mobilizing Natural Resources for Tourism, From Ecotourism to Integrated Tourism

Developing Structures to Develop and Manage Tourism and Culture, Complexities and Challenges of Policy Making in Tourism and Culture, Responsibilities / Tensions and Actions, The Gender Dimension, Stakeholders and Collaborations

Cultural Tourism Itinerary, Raising Awareness about the Fragility of Heritage Sites, Education for Lasting Tourism

Case Studies from The Palestinian Territories, Central America, Western Africa, Mauritania and Angkor

Economic Empowerment and poverty Alleviation, Sustainable Tourism Development Strategy, Forging Innovative and Inter-Disciplinary Approaches, Indigenous Resource Management Systems, Empowering Communities through Tourism

Case Studies from The Aral Sea Basin, Local Effort in Asia and Pacific (LEAP), Mountainous Regions of Central and South Asia

Dissemination of Knowledge and Reconciliation with the Past, Local and Indigenous Knowledge Systems in a Global Society (LINKS), UNESCO’s Actions in the field of Tourism, Culture and Development

Case Studies on UNESCO’s Conventions, Seminars and Universal Declarations

Capacity Building and Youth Poverty Alleviation through Tourism and Heritage (PATH)

Case Studies on Sao Paulo’s Green Belt Biosphere Reserve

Appadurai A. (2002) Cultural Diversity: A Conceptual Platform. In K. Stenou (ed.) UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity. UNESCO Publishing, Paris, pp. 9-16.

Appadurai A. (2003) Modernity at Large. Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press.

Boumedine R. S. and Veirier L. (2003) Towards a Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Tourism in the Sahara in the Context of Poverty Eradication. UNESCO Publishing, Paris.

Cohen E. (2004) Contemporary Tourism. Diversity and Change. Elsevier, London.

Hemmati, M. ed. (1999) Women’s Employment and Participation in Tourism, Report for UN Commission on Sustainable Development 7th Session. UNED.

Intergovernmental Conference on Cultural Policies for Development (1998) Final Report. (Also referred to as Stockholm Action Plan). UNESCO Publishing, Paris.

International Labour Organisation (2001) Human resources development, employment and globalization in the hotel, catering and tourism sector (Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Human Resources Development, Employment and Globalization in the Hotel, Catering and Tourism Sector, Geneva, ILO).

Komla E.E. and Veirier L. (2004) Tourism, Culture and Development in West-Africa: For a Cultural Tourism Consistent with Sustainable Development. UNESCO Publishing, Paris.

Posey D.A. (Ed) (1999) Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity. A Complementary Contribution to the Global Biodiversity Assessment. Intermediate Technology Publications, London (on behalf of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi).

Robertson, R. (1990) Mapping the Global Conditions: Globalization as the Central Concept. In M. Featherstone (ed.) Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity. Sage, London, pp. 15-30.

Steck B., Strasdas W., and Gustedt, E. (1999) Tourism in Technical Co-operation. A guide to the conception, planning and implementation of project-accompanying measures in regional rural development and nature conservation. GTZ, Eschborn.

Tour Operators’ Initiative for Sustainable Tourism Development (2004) Supply Chain Engagement for Tour Operators: Three Steps towards Sustainability. UNEP-Sustainable Tourism, Paris.

Winkin Y. (2002) Cultural Diversity: A Pool of Ideas for Implementation. In K. Stenou (ed.)

UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity. UNESCO Publishing, Paris, pp. 17-60.

CIA 2 - Mid Semester Examination (25 Marks)

CIA 3 - Group Activity and Written Submission on “Integrated Tourism by Mobilizing Natural Resources” (20 Marks)

Final Submission - An Individual Activity supported by Written Submission on “Designing a Structured Plan to Develop and Manage Sustainability through Tourism and Culture; An Inter-Disciplinary Perspective” (30 Marks)

This course deals with interaction between technology, its transformation and the impact it has in today's society. an interdisciplinary course giving overview about the various business models, platforms companies use for creating values among the people and initiatives taken by government related to technology for nation building. This course engage the students to confront the realities brought by disruptive technologies and the change in lifestyle of society.

COURSE OBJECTIVE

 This course attempts to be more effective in dealing with digital transformation and its impact on society.

Digital Transformation in the global enterprise, Digital business ecosystem, Multi-sided platform Business- Two sided platform Mediated Networks, Management challenges for Networked Business, Difference between platform and merchant models-Digital Business Models, Value co-creation, Data Business, Data Security.

Disruptive innovation-Transformation enabled by business analytics, Machine learning management, Internet of Things-AI& Human Intelligence, Cloud computing, Social media and social content strategies, Digital transformation in selected industry sectors.

Enterprise system-business achieving operational excellence, business achieving customer intimacy, challenges faced by enterprise application, next generation enterprise applications.

Indian government DST Agenda, Major development programs in technology in India, Contribution of technology in leveraging nation development.

Information technology and society- an introduction, Social shaping of Technology, Globalization and domestication, Social implications of online data, IT intervention and changes in lifestyle-Baby boomers, GenX, GenY, GenZ.

CIA II - 25 marks

CIA III - 20 marks

End Semester - 30 marks

Attendance - 05 marks

Technological development has contributed many innovations and ease of life for the human beings. However it has also generated problems .This course is offered to provide the basic knowledge of technology and the uses of technology in different areas of life basically hospitals and banks. The course focuses on identifying the technological benefits and finding solutions to the challenges generated by the technology in daily life. The course will be offered with an intention of enabling the students to visit the different institutions and to identify the technological needs and develops .Finally the course creates awareness about the dangerous of continuous usage of technology.

Course Objectives:

·         To know the history of technological developments in the daily life.

·         To Understand the impact of technology in different areas  of society

·         To identify the technological progress in the health care centre of Bangalore City.

·         To identify the technological progress in the Financial Institutions functioning in   Bangalore.

·         To find the solutions to the tech based problems of day to day life.

·         Practical knowledge of technological developments in the health and banking sector

·         Solution to the problems originated by the tech addiction.

Meaning- Definitions- evolution of technology-growth in the use of technology in daily life. Disruptive technologies transforming life, business and global economy- Disruptive technology trends in recent years. live reports and cases

Overview of Impact of technology on- Business-Society-Education-Agriculture-Banking-Health Care –Positive and negative impacts

Instruments requited in the field of Hospitals-Identify the different technologies used in the different hospitals –Need for new technology and the Plans of the Institutions to acquire-Identifying the affordable health services from the perspective of individuals.

Introduction to the different digital services offered by the banks and financial institution- Identify the different technologies used in the city- most demanded services-scope for introduction of new technical support by the banks and financial institutions

Themes about the future of well-being and digital life-The benefits of digital life

Concerns over harms-Effects on technology on the youths of today-Tech Experts big predications-Solutions to the technology driven daily life problems

Course Description

The primary aim of this course is to introduce students to the concept of institutions and the informal economy in a global context. The discourse examines the informal economy through the lens of institutional economics. The aim is to acquaint students to significant discourses and issues in policy design and intervention.  

Course Objectives

This course will:

• introduce students to the institutions and institutional change through major concepts in institutional economics;

• discuss the informal economy through concepts, theory and measurement;

• examine the linkages of formal and informal economy;

• train students to hone their writing and presentation skills to effectively discuss these complex ideas.

• understand the concepts and some of the theoretical discourses in the study of institutional change and informal economy;

• examine how the formal and informal economies are no longer separate watertight compartments but function together as an interactive system;

• effectively communicate these complex ideas through written and oral presentation.

Institutions, Economic Theory and Economic Performance; Informal Constraints; Formal Constraints; The Path of Institutional Change

Contracts and Property Rights: the Concepts of Exchange and Property, Critique of the Utilitarian Calculus; Transaction Costs, Bargaining Power; Markets as Institutions; Firms and Markets

Bureaucratic Form and the Informal Economy; Formal and Informal Enterprises: Concepts, Definition, and Measurement Issues; Linking the Formal and Informal Economy.

CASE STUDIES: The Impact of Regulation on Growth and Informality: Cross-Country Evidence; Blocking Human Potential: How Formal Policies Block the Economy in the Maputo Corridor; Enforcement and Compliance in Lima’s Street Markets: The Origins and Consequences of Policy Incoherence towards Informal Traders

Alston, L. J., Eggertsson, T., & North, D. C. (Eds.). (1996). Empirical Studies in Institutional Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Guha-Khasnobis, B., Kanbur, R., & Ostrom, E. (Eds.). (2006). Linking the Formal and Informal Economy: Concepts and Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Misztal, B. (2002). Informality: Social theory and Contemporary Practice. Routledge.

North, D. (1990). Institutions, Economic Theory and Economic Performance. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Arias, O., Fajnzylber, P., Maloney, W., Mason, A., Perry, G., & Saavedra-Chanduvi, J. (2007). Informality: Exit and Exclusion. Washington: The World Bank.

Harris, J. (2006). Power Matters: Essays on Institutions, Politics, and Society in India. New York: Oxford University Press.

Mehta, P. B., & Kapur, D. (2005). Public Institutions in India: Performance and Design. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Nayyar, D. (Ed.). (2002). Governing Globalization: Issues and Institutions. Oxford University Press.

Oviedo, A. M. (2009). Economic Informality: Causes, Costs, and Policies: A Literature Survey of International Experience. Country Economic Memorandum (CEM).

Mid Semester Examination

End Semester Examination

This course is aimed at undergraduate students to introduce to them the prominent debates in the economics of corruption. The course discusses how corruption acts as a constraint on economic growth using the theoretical constructs in Political Economy. It allows students to delve into the causes and consequences of corruption. In particular, the course will examine how corruption affects the emerging economies.

This course will:

• consider some of the seminal papers on the economics of corruption
• acquaint students to significant debates about transparency, competition and privatization and its relevance to corruption
• analyse corruption in emerging economies through various case studies
• discuss issues from various perspectives, such as, viewing corruption as erosion of trust and abuse of power
• train students to hone their writing and presentation skills to effectively discuss complex ideas.

By the end of the course, students will be able to:

• appreciate that nuances in the way corruption is defined and understood in different economies
• analyse the cause and  consequences of corruption
• examine some of the policies reforms aimed at tackling corruption
• investigate some impacts of corruption on emerging economies
• effectively communicate complex ideas through written and oral presentation.

Causes and Consequences of Corruption: What do we know from a cross-section of countries?, Democratic Institutions and Corruption: Incentives and Constraints in Politics, Bargaining for Bribes: the Role of Institutions

The Privatization of Rent-Generating Industries and Corruption; Corruption in Private Sector, Why the private sector is likely to lead the next stage in the global fight against corruption.

Corruption and Policy Reform; Anti-Corruption Authorities: An Effective Tool to Curb Corruption?  Corruption and Competition: Fair Markets as an Anticorruption Device

Auriol, E., & Straub, S. (2011). Privatization of Rent-generating Industries and Corruption. In S. Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide, (Eds.). International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption, (Vol. 2). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub.

Burger, E. S., & Holland, M. S. (2006). Why the private sector is likely to lead the next stage in the global fight against corruption. Fordham International Law Journal, 30, 45.

Cartier-Bresson, J. (2000). Economics of corruption. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The OECD Observer, (220), 25.

Jain, A. K. (2001). Corruption: A Review. Journal of Economic Surveys, 15(1), 71-121.

Jain, A. K. (Ed.). (2012). Economics of Corruption (Vol. 65). Springer Science & Business Media.

Meschi, P. X. (2009). Government Corruption and Foreign Stakes in International Joint Ventures in Emerging Economies. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 26(2), 241-261.

Meyer, K. E., Estrin, S., Bhaumik, S. K., & Peng, M. W. (2009). Institutions, Resources, and Entry Strategies in Emerging Economies. Strategic Management Journal, 30(1), 61-80.

Nowakowski, K. (2010). Corruption in Private Sector.Economics and Law, 6(1), 345-360.

Rose-Ackerman, S. (1975). The Economics of Corruption. Journal of Public Economics, 4(2), 187-203.

Uhlenbruck, K., Rodriguez, P., Doh, J., & Eden, L. (2006). The Impact of Corruption on Entry Strategy: Evidence from Telecommunication Projects in Emerging Economies. Organization Science, 17(3), 402-414.