Continuous internal assessment (CIA) forms 50% and the end semester examination forms theother 50% of the marks in both theory and practical. CIA marks are awarded based on their performance in assignments (written material to be submitted and valued), mid-semester test (MST), and class assignments (Quiz, presentations, problem solving etc.) The mid-semester examination and the end semester examination for each theory course will be for two and three hours duration respectively. The CIA for practical sessions is done on a day to day basis depending on their performance in the pre-lab, the conduct of the experiment, and presentation of lab reports. Only those students who qualify with minimum required attendance and CIA will be allowed to appear for the end semester examination.

Course Objectives

The objectives of this course are

 to introduce the students to look at India and the Indian subcontinent through Literature

 to inculcate literary sensibility/taste among students across curriculum

 to improve language skills – reading, writing and listening

 to enable students to grasp and appreciate the variety and abundance of Indian writing,

of which this compilation is just a passing glance.

 initiated into becoming more culturally, ethically, socially and politically aware

 able to engage with cultural, social, religious and ethnic diversities in India and around.

Poetry (Any 4 of these) 11 hours

1. Meena Kandasamy: “Algorithm for Converting a Shudra into a Brahmin”

2. Salma: “New Bride, New Night”

3. Kamala Das: “Punishment in Kindergarten”

4. Thangjam Ibopishak: “I Want to be Killed by an Indian Bullet”

5. Sarojini Naidu: “Palanquin Bearers”

6. Sitakant Mahapatra: “The Election”

7. Jean Arasanayakam: “Nallur” (Srilanka)

8. Nissim Ezekiel: “Goodbye Party to Miss Pushpa T S”

Essays (Any 4 of these)

1. Devdutt Patnaik: Introduction to Myth=Mithya

2. Jawaharlal Nehru: “Tryst with Destiny”. August 15, 1947

3. U R Ananthamurthy: “What Type of Reservation Do We Need? Or “The Sacrificial Ritual

of Equal Opportunity to Education in Common Schools”

4. Suketu Mehta: “Bhopal Lives”

5. Ruskin Bond: “Escape from Java” or “Voting at Barlowganj”

6. Romesh Gunasekara: “Mess” (Sri Lanka)

Short Stories (Any 4 of these)

1. Sadat Hassan Manto: “Toba Tek Singh”

2. Mamang Dai: “Travel the Road”

3. Folktale told by Ruskin Bond: “How a Tribal Boy became a King”

4. Manoj Das: “The Crocodile’s Lady”

5. Temsula Ao: “The Journey”

6. Thakazhi Shivashankara Pillai: “In the Flood”

Novella (Any one of these)

1. Anita Desai: “The Museum of Final Journeys” or

2. Irawathi Karve: “Draupadi” from Yuganta: The End of an Epoch

CIA 1: A written test for 20 marks. It can be an Open Book test, a

classroom assignment, an objective or descriptive test pertaining to

the texts and ideas discussed in class.

CIA2: Mid-semester written exam for 50 marks

CIA 3: This is to be a creative test/ project in small groups by

students. They may do Collages, tableaus, skits, talk shows,

documentaries, quizzes, presentations, debates, charts or any other

creative test for 20 marks. This test should allow the students to

explore their creativity and engage with the real world around them

and marks can be allotted to students depending on how much they

are able to link the ideas and discussions in the texts to the world

around them.

Question Paper Pattern

Mid Semester Exam: 2 hrs

Section A 4x5= 20

Section B 2x15=30

Total 50

End Semester Exam: 2 hrs

Section A 4 x 5 = 20

Section B 2x 15= 30

Total 50

The paper surveys bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, as well as their growth characteristics and morphology. This course guides the students to learn appropriate microbiology laboratory techniques that will be useful in subsequent courses. This course fulfils the basic knowledge in microbiology for those students who wish to pursue career in allied health fields and other technical programs. The students are made aware of GLP (good laboratory practices) which is very important in laboratories. Biostatistics portions will introduce the students to clinical research and imparts knowledge on applied statistics.

History and scope of Microbiology, Microscopy – Light, Phase contrast, Fluorescence & Electron microscopy: Stains and staining techniques - Gram’s, acid fast, capsular, flagellar and endospore staining. Physical and Chemical control of microorganisms. Methods of Sterilization, Microbial Taxonomy: Methods for isolation of pure culture, Classification and nomenclature of microorganisms.

Structure of bacteria, classification based on shape and arrangement of cells, flagella – structure & function, endospore formation, uses, pili and capsule, Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria – cell wall structure.  Viruses – Structure and classification, Plant Viruses – CaMV, Animal viruses – Hepatitis B, Herpes Simplex Virus,  HIV, Bacteriophages . Eukaryotic microorganisms- Salient features, classification and reproduction of fungi, mycoplasma and algae

Epidemic, endemic and pandemic, Bacterial diseases of man – Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia and Cholera, Viral diseases: AIDS – Life cycle of HIV, Parasites: Life cycle of Entamoeba and Plasmodium. Emerging diseases – H1N1, Super bugs

Tabulation and classification of data, Frequency distribution and Graphical distribution of  ungrouped data – Line graph, Bar diagram, Pie chart, pictogram, cartogram - and grouped data – Histogram, Frequency polygon, frequency curve, Ogive

Measures of central tendency - Mean, Median and Mode – properties, advantages and limitations, calculation of mean, median and mode for ungrouped and grouped data. Measures of dispersion- Range, mean deviation, coefficient of mean deviation, standard deviation and coefficient of standard deviation, variance and its significance.

Concepts and problems on probability. Types of distribution - Binomial, Poisson, Normal Distribution - significance and their applications.

Types of Hypothesis – Null and alternative Hypothesis, Types of errors – Type 1 and Type II, Level of significance, Student T and Chi-square test, problems based on these concepts.

CIAII(Midsemester exams)-50 Marks

CIAIII(Presentation/Model Making/Quiz/Poster presentation/Service learning)-20 Marks

Attendance- 10 Marks

End semester Exam- 100 Marks

End Semester Examination Pattern

 Max Marks 100, Duration 3 Hrs

Final Marks=50% of CIAs+50% of ESE 

The paper attempts to give hands on experience in the different techniques in the field of microbiology like growing microbes in different media, identifying them by means of staining techniques, counting microbes etc. All these are of immense application in medical, industrial and agricultural fields.

The intention of this paper is to make the students skilled in pure culture techniques to isolate and study bacteria and fungi and also to perform various biochemical tests to identify bacteria. Most importantly, they would have mastered the skill of using microscopes which will become handy in diagnostic techniques.

T. R. Johnson and C. L. Case, Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology, 10^th ed.: San Fransisc: Benjamin Cummings, 2012.

Performance- 20 Marks

Midsem exam- 20 Marks

Record- 10 Marks

End semester Practical Exam - 50 Marks

End semester Pattern

Max Marks 50  Duration 3 Hrs

1. Performance of Microbiology technique(Staining/Streaking)-20 marks

2. Biochemical test-6 marks

3. Logical questions-8 marks

4. Spotters-16 marks

Final Marks=50%CIAs+50%ESE

In this introductory paper the students acquire knowledge of the basic concepts of organic and inorganic chemistry. 

Prelearning topics: Bohr’s theory and its limitations, Black body radiation, dual behaviour of matter and radiation, de Broglie’s relation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. Hydrogen atom spectra. Need of a new approach to Atomic structure.

Quantum mechanics: Intrdouction, time independent Schrodinger equation and meaning of various terms in it. Significance of ψ and ψ², Schrödinger equation for hydrogen atom. Radial and angular parts of the hydogenic wavefunctions (atomic orbitals) and their variations for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p and 3d orbitals (Only graphical representation). Radial and angular nodes and their significance. Radial distribution functions and the concept of the most probable distance with special reference to 1s and 2s atomic orbitals. Significance of quantum numbers, orbital angular momentum and quantum numbers ml and ms. Shapes of s, p and d atomic orbitals, nodal planes. Discovery of spin, spin quantum number (s) and magnetic spin quantum number (ms).Rules for filling electrons in various orbitals, Electronic configurations of the atoms.*Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals,* concept of exchange energy. Relative energies of atomic orbitals, Anomalous electronic configurations.

Ionic Bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. ^#Energy considerations in ionic bonding, lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in the context of stability and solubility of ionic compounds. Statement of Born-Landé equation for calculation of lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle and its applications, polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s rules, ionic character in covalent compounds, bond moment, dipole moment and percentage ionic character.

Covalent bonding: VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the basis of VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar, square planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements. Concept of resonance and resonating structures in various inorganic compounds.

MO Approach: Rules for the LCAO method, bonding and antibonding MOs and their characteristics for s-s, s-p and p-p combinations of atomic orbitals, nonbonding combination of orbitals, MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules (O₂, N₂) of 1st and 2nd periods (including idea of s-p mixing) and heteronuclear diatomic molecules such as CO, NO and NO⁺. Comparison of VB and MO approaches.

Hydrogen bonding and vanderwalls interaction, metallic bonding and coordinate bonding (mention only)

Prelearning topics: Hybridizations, bond lengths, bond angles, bond energy. Localized and delocalized chemical bond, polarity of bonds, types of chemical reactions

IUPAC naming of bifunctional organic compounds

Physical Effect:- Electronic Displacements: Inductive Effect, Electromeric Effect, Resonance and Hyperconjugation. Effect of the above on strength of organic acids and bases: Comparative study with emphasis on factors affecting pK values. Cleavage of Bonds: Homolysis and Heterolysis. Structure, shape and reactivity of organic molecules, Nucleophiles and electrophiles. Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations, Carbanions, free radicals, carbenes and nitrenes..

^#Aromaticity: Benzenoids and Hückel’s rule.

Conformations with respect to ethane, butane and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge Formula, Newmann, Sawhorse and Fischer representations.

Configuration: Geometrical and Optical isomerism;

Concept of chirality (upto two carbon atoms). Enantiomerism, Diastereomerism and Meso compounds. Racemic mixture, racemisation and resolution.  Threo and erythro; D and L; CIP Rules: R/ S (for upto 2 chiral carbon atoms) atropisomerism. Geometric isomerism; cis - trans nomenclature; E/Z Nomenclature (for upto two C=C systems). Geometrical isomerism in alicyclic compounds.

Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s synthesis, from Grignard reagent. Reactions: Free radical Substitution: Halogenation. Mechanisms for all these reactions.

Preparation: Elimination reactions: Dehydration of alkenes and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (Saytzeff’s rule); cis alkenes (Partial catalytic hydrogenation) and trans alkenes (Birch reduction). Reactions: cis addition (alk. KMnO₄) and trans-addition (bromine), Addition of HX (Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s addition), Hydration, Mechanism of Ozonolysis, oxymecuration-demercuration, Hydroboration-oxidation. 

Prelearning topics: geminal and vicinal dihalides, basic concepts of addition and oxidation reactions.  Preparation: Acetylene from CaC₂ and conversion into higher alkynes; by dehalogenation of tetra halides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal-dihalides.

Reactions: formation of metal acetylides, addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO₄, ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alk. KMnO₄.

Prelearning topics: Classification, Nomenclature and sources of organic compounds.

Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be studied in context to their structure.

[2]   Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.

[2]   Douglas, B.E., McDaniel, D.H. & Alexander, J.J. Concepts and Models in Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons.

[3]   Huheey, J.E., Keiter, E.A., Keiter, R.L. & Medhi, O.K. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Education India, 2006.

[4]   Graham Solomon, T.W., Fryhle, C.B. & Dnyder, S.A. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons (2014).

[5]   Sykes, P. A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman, New Delhi (1988).

[6]   Eliel, E.L. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, Tata McGraw Hill education, 2000.

[7]   Finar, I.L. Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II), E.L.B.S.

[8]   Morrison, R.T. & Boyd, R.N. Organic Chemistry, Pearson, 2010.

[9]   Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.

This course is intended to impart basic analytical skills with an emphasis on volumetric analysis. It also emphasises the importance of organized and systematic approach in carrying out experiments. This course introduces the students to the detection of special elements in organic compounds and separation of mixtures using chromatographic technique.

Students learn volumetry as an analytical tool, separation of mixtures by chromatographic techniques and detection of special elements in organic compounds.

1. Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO₄.

2. Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO₄.

3. Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K₂Cr₂O₇ using internal indicator.

4. Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K₂Cr₂O₇ using external indicator.

5. Estimation of Cu (II) ions iodometrically using Na₂S₂O₃.

6. Estimation of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture.

1. Detection of extra elements (N, S, Cl, Br, I) in organic compounds (containing upto two extra elements)

2. Separation of mixtures by Chromatography: Measure the Rf value in each case (combination of two compounds to be given)

(a) Identify and separate the components of a given mixture of two amino acids (glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine or any other amino acid) by paper chromatography

(b) Identify and separate the sugars present in the given mixture by paper chromatography.

[1]. Svehla, G. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012.

[2]. Mendham, J. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson, 2009.

[3]. Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G.,

[4]. Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.

[5]. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Longman,1960.

[1]. Svehla, G. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012.

[2]. Mendham, J. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson, 2009.

[3]. Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G.,

[4]. Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.

[5]. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Longman,1960.

• To expose learners to variety of texts to interact with them
• To help learners classify ideologies and be able to express the same
• To expose learners to visual texts and its reading formulas
• To help learners develop a taste to appreciate works of literature through the organization of language
• To help develop critical thinking
• To help learners appreciate literature and the language nuances that enhances its literary values

• To help learners understand the relationship between the world around them and the text/literature

·         To help improve their communication skills for larger academic purposes and vocational ppurposes

·         Develop an analytical and critical bent of mind to compare and analyze the various literature they read and discuss in class

·         Develop a more humane and service oriented approach to all forms of life around them.  

·         Rudyard Kipling – “Gunga Din”  

Ø  Skill focus

Adjectives/ adverbs

Sentence structures

Clauses

·         The Black Cat – Edgar Allan Poe

Ø  Skill focus

Verb use

Sentence structures

·         William Blake – “London”

Ø  Skill focus

Verb use advanced

Clause types

·         Santosh Desai – The death penalty as a sign of the times ©

Ø  Skill focus

Rhetorical questions

Types of sentences

·         John Donne – “Death, Be Not Proud”

Ø  Skill focus

Word use

Sentence structure

·         Monkey’s Paw – W W Jacobs

Ø  Skill focus

Direct speech

Reported speech

Para structures

·          Ruskin Bond – 'The Photograph' ©

Ø  Skill focus

Types of sentences

Cohesions

Para structure

Personal essay

·         Sylvia Plath-   ‘Surgeon at 2 AM’

Ø  Skill focus

Imagery use

Creative writing

Visual Text: The Great Indian Railways

Ø  Skill focus

Reading and appreciating visual text

CIA 2=50 ( 20 marks online vocabulary and grammar test and 30 marks written exam based on syllabus)

CIA 3= 20 

ESE= 50 

French as second language for the UG program

1.      First and Last Names of French Families

2.      Few French and International personalities

1.      Greetings- Usage of “tu” and “Vous”

2.      Telephone Numbers in France 

3.      Some cultural / festive events in Paris- The Francophone

1.      Pontoise and Ile de France- The City

2.      Annecy- Youth hostel and accommodation

3.      The wording of address in France- postal codes and departments

1.      The French and sports- The Reality shows

2.      New ways of meeting- The Differences men/ women

3.      Surnames of married women/ children- Announcements and family functions

1.      Rhythm of Life and Rhythm of the city- Internet and media in daily life

2.      The Outings 

3.      Family life and Household chores- Routine and change in rhythm

1.      The tooth of the cat – Renaud FABBRI 

2.      The Princess and the pea- Odile THIEVENAZ

2.      Krishnan, Chitra. De Bouche à Oreille. New Delhi : Langers International Pvt Ltd., 2009

2. French websites like Bonjour de France, Fluent U French, Learn French Lab, Point du FLE etc.

The detailed text book “Samakaleen Hindi Kavitha” edited by Dr.N Mohanan is an anthology of contemporary Hindi Poems written by representative poets of Hindi Literature. From the medieval poetry ' Kabir Ke Dohe and Sur ke pad 'is also included.  The poets reflect on the social, cultural and political issues which are prevalent in our society since the medieval period. Hindusthani sangeeth-parampara eva kalakar is one of the module. Since translation is a significant area in language and literature, emphasis is being given on it in the syllabus.Bharath ki pramukh sanskruthik kalayein  Yakshagana,Kathakali,Ram Leela,Krishna Leela etc. included in the syllabus to enrich cultural values among students.

Course Objectves:

• to impart the knowledge of poetics
• to acquire translation skills
• to expose students to veriety of texts to interact with them
• to help students develop a taste to appreciate works of literature through the organisation of language
• to help students understand the relationship between the world around them and the text
• to improve their oral and written skills
• to expose them to the world of music

Students will be exposed to the world of poetry and Music. Through translation and cultural studies, students can understand different languages, literature and culture. Grammar portions will help the students to develop their language proficiency.

’  Samakaleen Hindi Kavitha (Collection ofcontemporary Poems)  Edited By: Mahendra Kulashreshta Rajpal and Son’s, New Delhi

Level of knowledge: Analytical

Translation-Practice                English to Hindi and vice- versa.

Ramleela,Krishnaleela,Yakshagaana,kathakali.

Utbhav,Vikas aur paramparaein

Pramukh Sangeethkar-1.Bhimsen Joshi 2.Gulam Ali 3.Pandit Ravishankar 4. Bismillah Khan.

1. 'Samakaleen Hindi Kavitha’ (Collection of Poems) Edited By: Dr.N Mohanan,  Rajpal and Son’s,New Delhi.

1. A Hand Book of Translation Studies         By: Das Bijay Kumar.               

2. Saral Subodh Hindi Vyakaran,                 By: Motilal Chaturvedi. Vinod pustak mandir, Agra-2

3. Anuvad Evam Sanchar –                         Dr Pooranchand Tantan, Rajpal and Son’s, Kashmiri

4. Anuvad Vignan                                       By: Bholanath Tiwar

5. Anuvad Kala                                           By: N.E Vishwanath Iyer.

CIA-2(Mid semester examination)-50 marks

CIA-3(Digital learning-article creation in Hindi Wikipedia)-20 marks

End sem examination-50 marks

Course Description

Selected Vachanas Tripadi’s and Keerthanas of the Medieval Kannada Literature are introduced for I Semester B.com-Regular /B.com Hon./ B.com F&A/ BBA & BBA-Honorus in the syllabus. This will enrich the Language skills of the students.   Famous cultural art forms of Karnataka are also included in this semester. Writing  skills can be improved by giving focus on Grammar and Comprehension.

Course Objectives

• To expose learners to variety of texts to interact with them
• To help learners develop a taste to appreciate works of Literature through the organization of Language
• To help learners understand the relationship between the world around them and the text
• To help lerarners to improve their oral and written skills for their respective career goals
• To help improve their communiction skills for larger academic purposes and vocational purposes

•  Develop an analytical and critical bent of mind to compare and analize the various literature they read and discuss  in class
  
• Develop a more humane and service orented aproach to all forms of life around them
• Ability to communicate effectively in speech and in writing
• Ability to use better language to communicate effectively

1. Devara Dasimayya

2. Basavanna

3. Allamaprabhu

4. Akkamahadevi

5. Ambigara chowdiah

6. Ayadakki Lakkamma 

7. Sarvagna

8. Kanakadasa

9. Kumaravyasa

10. Hindustani/ Karnatak - Music and Musicians

(A).Dollu Kunita  (B). Pooja Kunita  (C). Somana Kunita  (D). Goravara Kunita

1.      Translation Theory and Practice

2.      Usage of alphabets in different contexts:  

3.      l & L

4.      a  & H

5.      n & N

6.      Hrasva and Deergha  alphabets.

7.   Importance of Ottakshara

Text Book: Kannada Sahitya Darshana - Bhaga-1               

Reference Books

•  Basavannana vachangalu: L. Basavarjaju
• Vachana Chandrike - D. Javaregowda
• Vachana Kammata- K.R. Nagaraj & K.M. Marulasiddappa
• Purandara Sahitya Darshana- S.K. Ramachandra Rao

Recommended Redading

1.      A comparative study of Sarana and Dasa literature, P. S Srinivasa,University of Madras (1981)

2.      Vyavaharika Kannada: H. S.  Krishnaswami Iyengar

3.      Dr. Thipperudraswamy : Sharanara Anubhava Sahitya

4.  Kiryar Vishwakosha; L.S. Sheshagiri Rao, Hampi  Kannada University, Hampi

CIA-1 Digital Learning - Wikipedia- 20 Marks

CIA-2 Mid Semsester Examination- 50 Marks

CIA-3 Digitization of Kannada Books - 20 Marks

End Semester Examination- 50 Marks

The I semeste B.A/B.Sc students are prescribed wih the text " Ruthusamharam"

Strotra shithya 

The students will have exposure for the  style of poetry. Ruthusamhara is the work based on the nature which makes the students to understand about changes in nature

Ruthusamharam

Strotra sahithya 

poery Buddhacharitham III canto, up to 52 stanzas.

Level of Knowledge: Conceptual/ descriptive/ Analytical.

Grammar

Grammer- Sandhis and lakaras                                                          

 Level of Knowledge:  Analytical /Conceptual

language component.

Translation from Sanskrit to english                                                     

Level of Knowledge:  Analytical/. Conceptual

Composition to write in Sanskrit                                                              

Level of Knowledge:  Analytical/. Conceptual

Comprehension in Sanskrit                                                                     

Level of Knowledge:  Analytical/. Conceptual

Ruthusamharam

 Strotra sahitya : Madhurashtaka and Geeta govinda                                    

                            M.S. Subbalakshmi , Balamurali Krishna 

2) Ruthusamharam- Dr. K . Narayanabhatta

3) sanskrit grammar Translation from English to Sanskrit by M.R.Kale

4) Sanskrt Grammar Kannada version by Hegde. 

CIA 2 Midsemester examination   Evaluated for 50 marks

CIA 3  Wikipedia assignment   Evaluated for 20 marks

Poems of Bharatiyar and Bharatidasan and poems by women poets with feminine sensibilities  will initiate the students into the modern period with all its complexities. The short stories of Chandra with its contemporary style and texture offer  a glimpse of an amazing variety of characters going through the riddles of human existence. A new concept, Cultural Studies, will take the students beyond prescribed syllabus to include the architecture, customs, beliefs and faiths of Indian society.

To make the students experience the impact made by Bharathiyar and Bharathidasan during the 20^th century and to bring them to the realities of 21^st century. They will also learn, on their own, the significance of festivals celebrated across the country

Poems of Bharathiyar, Bharathidasan and women poets

2  Grammar as reflected in the poems

Prose including reference to contemporary literary issues

Language Skills:  Piramozhichorkal

Malliga, R et al (ed).Thamilppathirattu I.Bangalore: Prasaranga,2011

Chandra. Alagamma, published by Uyireluthu Pathippagam, Trichy, 2011

Varadarajan, Mu.  Thamil Ilakkia Varalaru . New Delhi:Sahitya Akademi, 2008

Sivathambi, Ka.Thamil Sirukathaiyin Thorramum Valarchiyum.Coimbatore: NCBH, 2009

Ragunathan,C.Bharathi: Kalamum Karuthum, Chennai:NCBH, 1971

Ramakrishnan S 100 Sirantha Sirukathaigal, Chennai: Discovery Books, 2013

To gain understanding and appreciation of animal diversity, their phylogeny and the recent progress in the field and to understand the general concepts of evolution of animal development, morphology, genomes, natural selection, and speciation and other characters.

General characters and classification up to classes; Locomotary Organelles and locomotion in protozoa

 General characters and classification up to classes; Canal System in Sycon 

General characters and classification up to classes; Polymorphism in Halistemma 

General characters and classification up to classes; Life history of Fasciola hepatica.

General characters and classification up to classes; Life history of Ascaris lumbricoides and its parasitic adaptations.

General characters and classification up to classes; Metamerism in Annelida 

General characters and classification up to classes; Vision in Arthropoda, Metamorphosis in insects. 

General characters and classification up to classes; foot & shell modification 

General characters and classification up to classes; Water-vascular system in Asteroidea 

General features and Phylogeny of Protochordata

General features of Agnatha and classification of cyclostomes up to classes 

General features and Classification up to class; Osmoregulation in Fishes

General features and Classification up to orders; Parental care

General features and Classification up to orders; Poison apparatus, venom composition & its effects.                 

General features and Classification up to orders; Flight adaptations in birds 

Classification up to orders; Origin of mammals 

2.      Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P., Olive, P.J.W., Golding, D.W. and Spicer, J.I. (2002). The Invertebrates: A New Synthesis, III Edition, Blackwell Science

3.      

4.      Pough H. Vertebrate life, VIII Edition, Pearson International.

5.      Hall B.K. and Hallgrimsson B. (2008). Strickberger’s Evolution. IV Edition. Jones and Bartlett Publishers Inc.

CIA-1 Assessment will be based on the performance of students by written assignment /class test

CIA-2 Assessment will be based on the performance of students by conducting centralized common test

CIA-3 will be based on the performance of students by poster presentation/ presentation

Pattern for End of Semester:

Section A will consist of 10 questions, out of which students have to answer only 8 questions, and each question carries 2 marks-16 marks

Section B will consist of 8 questions, out of which students have to answer only 6, and each question carries 6 marks-36  marks

 Section C will consist of 6 questions, out of which students will answer 4 questions, and each question carries 12 marks-48 marks

·        Practical session of this course helps the student to understand evolutionary relationships among animals and to gain an appreciation for the diversity of animal form and function. The course aids the student to analyse the differing hypotheses regarding the evolutionary relationships between animals

1. Study of the following specimens:

Amoeba, Euglena, Plasmodium, Paramecium, Sycon, Hyalonema, and Euplectella, Obelia, Physalia, Aurelia, Tubipora, Metridium, Taenia solium, Male and female Ascaris lumbricoides, Aphrodite, Nereis, Pheretima, Hirudinaria, Palaemon, Cancer, Limulus, Palamnaeus, Scolopendra, Julus, Periplaneta, Apis, Chiton, Dentalium, Pila, Unio, Loligo, Sepia, Octopus, Pentaceros, Ophiura, Echinus, Cucumaria and Antedon, Balanoglossus, Herdmania, Branchiostoma, Petromyzon, Sphyrna, Pristis, Torpedo, Labeo, Exocoetus, Anguilla, Ichthyophis/Ureotyphlus, Salamandra, Bufo, Hyla, Chelone, Hemidactylus, Chamaeleon, Draco, Vipera, Naja, Crocodylus, Gavialis, Any six common birds from different orders, Sorex, Bat, Funambulus, Loris

2. Study of the following permanent slides:

T.S. and L.S. of Sycon, Study of life history stages of Taenia, T.S. of Male and female Ascaris.

3. Key for Identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes

An “animal album” containing photographs, cut outs, with appropriate write up about the above mentioned taxa. Different taxa/ topics may be given to different sets of students for this purpose.

2.      Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P., Olive, P.J.W., Golding, D.W. and Spicer, J.I. (2002). The Invertebrates: A New Synthesis, III Edition, Blackwell Science

3.     

4.      Pough H. Vertebrate life, VIII Edition, Pearson International.

5.      Hall B.K. and Hallgrimsson B. (2008). Strickberger’s Evolution. IV Edition. Jones and Bartlett Publishers Inc.

ESE will have the following pattern with three questions 

q.1. Identify and classify and comment on spotters (A-F)with neat labelled diagrams-30 marks

q.2. Comment on the adaptive features of specimens G and H- 10 marks

q.3. Comment on the beak and feet adaptations of specimen  I and J- 10 marks

 Mid sem exam will follow the same pattern as ESE but the exam marks will be converted to 20%(20 marks); Performance will be evaluated for 20 marks and Record Evaluation will be for 10marks

Course Objectives

The objectives of this course are

 to introduce the students to look at India and the Indian subcontinent through Literature

 to inculcate literary sensibility/taste among students across curriculum

 to improve language skills – reading, writing and listening

 to enable students to grasp and appreciate the variety and abundance of Indian writing,

of which this compilation is just a passing glance.

 to actively engage with the Indian sub-continent as a cultural and social space (to be

facilitated through proactive CIAs which help students to interact and engage with the

realities they face every day and have come across in these text

 to learn and appreciate India through association of ideas in the texts and the external

contexts (Bhasha Utsav will be an intrinsic help in this endeavour)

 more aware culturally, ethically, socially and politically

 sensitive towards cultural, social, religious and ethnic diversities

 critical participants in their everyday culture

Poetry (Any 4 of these)

1. Kutti Revathi: “Stone Goddesses”

2. Sukirtharani: “Infant Language” or “I Speak up Bluntly”

3. Taslima Nasrin: “India” or “Border”

4. Lalrinmawii Khiangte: “For a Better Tomorrow”

5. Desomond Kharmawphlang: “Poems during November”

6. Keki Daruwalla: “Boat-Ride Along the Ganga”

7. Anand Mahanand: “The Day Mother Sold Her Ornaments”

8. Habib Jalib: “Dastoor” (Pakistan)

Essays (Any 4 of these)

1. Amartya Sen: “Democracy as Public Reasoning”

2. Sitakant Mahapatra: “Beyond the Ego: New Values for a Global Neighbourhood”

3. Amitav Ghosh: The Ghosts of Mrs Gandhi” or “The Diaspora in Indian Culture”

4. Rahul Dravid: Speech at Sir Donald Bradman Oration

5. Ramachandra Guha: Excerpts from “How Much Should a Person Consume?”

6. A K Ramanujan: “Telling Tales”

7. Manjushree Thapa: “Women Have No Rights”

Short Stories (Any 4 of these) 12 Hours

1. U R Ananthamurthy: “A Horse for the Sun”

2. Shama Futehally: “Photographs”

3. Dilip Purushottam Chitre: “Scorpio”

4. Sushmita Rath: “Touch”

5. Bimal Choudhury: “Riot”

6. Liaozhai: “Ruiyun, a Famous Courtesan”

7. Arun Joshi: “The Homecoming”

8. Mohsin Hamid: “Air Conditioning” (Pakistan)

9. Ashfaq Ahmed: “Mohsin Mohalla” (Pakistan)

Graphic Narrative (Any one of these)

1. Art -Durgabai Vyamand Subhash Vyam; Story- Srividya Natarajan and S Anand:

Bhimayana: Incidents in the Life of Bhimrao Ambedkar

2. Sita Sings the Blues

3. Luv and Kush (Pen Movies animated movie)

Folk art forms in India

CIA 1: Classroom assignment/test for 20 marks keeping in tune with the course objectives and

learning outcomes.

CIA 2: Mid-semester written exam for 50 marks

CIA 3: Collage, tableaus, skits, talk shows, documentaries, Quizzes or any proactive

creative assignments that might help students engage with India as a cultural space. This is to

be done keeping in tune with the course objectives and learning outcomes.

Christ University, Bengaluru

Question Paper Pattern

Mid Semester Exam: 2 Hrs

Section A: 4x5= 20

Section B: 2x15=30

Total 50

End Semester Exam: 2 hrs

Section A: 4 x 5 = 20

Section B: 2 x 15= 30

Total 50

The paper is intended to give the students information regarding the basic biomolecules in living organisms. It also gives a thorough knowledge about the cell components, their functions and metabolic pathways. Only with the basic understanding of cells, can one proceed to the detailed study of molecular biology. Students get an idea about how these cellular components perceive the environmental signal and respond to them in the language of signal transduction. They also learn the mechanism of mitotic and meiotic cell division and the relevance of accurate transfer of genetic material during cell division.

The students can apply their knowledge of biochemistry and cell biology to selected examples of changes or losses in cell function as exemplified in many diseases. This is very much applicable these days when there is a plethora of information on cellular mechanisms and their role in causing disease conditions like cancer.

Water and its significance in life forms, chemical bonds in living systems- ionic, covalent van der Waals and Hydrogen bonds, pH and buffer concepts.

Structure, classification properties and functions of monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), disaccharides (sucrose, lactose) and polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose).

Structure, classification and properties of aminoacids- basic, acidic and aromatic aminoacids, Zwitter ions, protein structure- primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary, classification of proteins – fibrous and globular, enzymes – nomenclature and properties, enzyme catalysis, activation energy, enzyme inhibition.

Structure, classification and properties of lipids, saponification value, Iodine number, rancidity, Essential and nonessential fatty acids, biological role of lipids.

Source, deficiency and functions of fat soluble (A, D E and K) and water soluble (B complex and C) vitamins, Classification of hormones- peptide and steroid hormones. Hormones of Hypothalamus and Pituitary glands, Insulin and Glucagon. Basics of Signal transduction

Cell as a basic unit of life- classification of organisms by cell structure, cytosol, cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, cell fractionation, cell Organelles: Structure and functions of Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and lysosomes, Protein trafficking, Mitochondria structure, cellular respiration (Glycolysis and Krebs cycle), biogenesis, Chloroplast- structure, Photosynthesis, C3, C4 and CAM plants,  Ribosomes- structure, types and functions, Microbodies, Cytoskeletal structures (Microtubules, Microfilaments and Intermediate filaments),  Cytosol - properties, significance of water  in cells, Plant cell wall-  structure and composition, structure of nucleus and nuclear pore complex. Chromosome -structural organization - centromere, telomere, chemical composition. Nucleosome model of chromosome, histones – types and function, Special types of chromosomes - Polytene and Lampbrush chromosome).

Structure of Plasma membrane – David Nicholson and Sanger’s model, functions, Transport mechanisms- Passive transport (Osmosis and Diffusion- simple and facilitated) & Active transport (Permeases, Sodium Potassium pump, Calcium ATPase pumps, lysosomal and vacuolar membrane ATP dependent proton pumps; uniport, symport and antiport, types of Ion-channels; Ligand-gated and Voltage-gated ion channels, exocytosis and endocytosis- mechanism, Receptor-mediated endocytosis – LDL transport, Modifications of plasma membrane (Microvilli, Gap junction, Tight junctions, Desmosomes).

Cell cycle - stages and significance of each stage, types of cell division (mitosis & meiosis); control of cell division, cancer, causes, oncogenes and protoncogenes, apoptosis or programmed cell death

CIAII(Midsemester exams)-50 Marks

CIAIII(Presentation/Model Making/Quiz/Poster presentation/Service learning)-20 Marks

Attendance- 10 Marks

End semester Exam- 100 Marks

End Semester Examination Pattern

 Max Marks 100, Duration 3 Hrs

Final Marks=50% of CIAs+50% of ESE 

The paper imparts practical knowledge on the biology of cells and also on the basic experiments in biochemistry. It deals with detailed microscopic studies of basic cell multiplication processes like mitosis and meiosis. Microscopy techniques are given utmost importance. 

The students gain expertise in observing cells and processes like mitosis and meiosis under microscope, which in turn will help them work better in clinical laboratories. The experiments in biochemistry help them to have confidence while dealing with solution preparations later in industrial and academic laboratories.

S Sadasivam and A. Manickam, Biochemical Methods, 2^nd ed. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers Ltd., 1996.

Performance- 20 Marks

Midsem exam- 20 Marks

Record- 10 Marks

End semester Practical Exam - 50 Marks

End semester Pattern

Max Marks 50  Duration 3 Hrs

1. Performance of Mitosis/Meosis-16 marks

2. Estimation of carbohydrate by Anthrone/DNS method-16 marks

3. Buffer Preparation-6 marks

4. Spotters-6 marks

5. Logical Questions/Problems-6 marks

 Final Marks=50%CIAs+50%ESE

This course deals with fundamentals of Physical Chemistry and functional group Organic Chemistry. It emphasizes on the judicious use of energy resources.

Prelearning topics:  Basics of Thermodynamics and the Laws of Thermodynamics. First law of thermodynamics. Work done in an isothermal and adiabatic expansion and compression of an ideal gas. 

Second law of thermodynamics. Carnot cycle, efficiency of heat engine. Entropy, free energy and work function. Calculation of entropy changes in different processes. Criteria for equilibrium and spontaneous processes. Variation of free energy with pressure and temperature. Gibbs- Helmholtz equation, van’t Hoff Isotherm. van’t Hoff isochore. Clausius –Clapeyron equation.

Important principles and definitions of thermochemistry. Concept of standard state and standard enthalpies of formation. Variation of enthalpy of a reaction with temperature – Kirchhoff’s equation.

Statement of Third Law of thermodynamics and calculation of absolute entropies of substances.

Numericals based on above topics.

Free energy change in systems at equilibrium. Thermodynamic derivation of law of chemical equilibrium. The law of mass action, thermodyanamic treatment of law of mass action, van’t Hoff reaction isotherm. Distinction between ΔG and ΔG^o, Le Chatelier’s principle. Relationships between Kp, Kc and Kx for reactions assuming ideal behaviour. Applications of Le Chatellier’s principle for the reactions a) formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen b) decomposition of PCl₅   or decomposition of HI.

Numericals based on above topics.

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, mechanism of buffer action and preparation of buffers.  Henderson equation and calculation of pH of a buffer. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. Ionic product, common ion effect and solubility product in qualitative analysis.

Conditions for precipitation.

Numericals based on above topics.

Preparation of benzene: from phenol, by decarboxylation, from acetylene, from benzene sulphonic acid.

Reactions of benzene: Electrophilic substitution: Mechanism of nitration, halogenation and sulphonation.^* Friedel-Craft’s reaction (alkylation and acylation). Side chain oxidation of alkyl benzenes.

Prelearning portions: Nucleophiles and electrophiles, Substitution and elimination reactions.

Alkyl Halides Types of Nucleophilic Substitution (S_N¹, S_N² and S_Nⁱ) reactions. Elimination versus substitution.

Preparation: from alkenes and alcohols.

Reactions: hydrolysis, nitrite & nitro formation, nitrile & isonitrile formation.

Aryl Halides Preparation: (Chloro, bromo and iodo-benzene): from phenol, Sandmeyer and  Gattermann reactions.

Reactions (Chlorobenzene): Aromatic nucleophilic substitution (replacement by –OH group) and effect of nitro substituent. Benzyne Mechanism: KNH₂/NH₃ (or NaNH₂/NH₃). Reactivity and Relative strength of C-Halogen bond in alkyl, allyl, benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides.

Prelearning portions: Alcohol functional group, basic concepts of hydrogen bonding, strong and weak acids, basic idea of oxidation and reduction

Alcohols: Preparation: Preparation of 1^î, 2^î and 3^î alcohols: using Grignard reagent, Ester hydrolysis, Reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid and esters. Reactions: With sodium, HX (Lucas test), esterification, oxidation (with PCC, alk.KMnO₄, acidic dichromate, conc. HNO₃), and Oppeneauer oxidation.

Diols: Oxidation and oxidative cleavage of diols. Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement (mechanism).

Phenols: Preparation: Cumene hydroperoxide method, from diazonium salts.

Reactions: Electrophilic substitution: Nitration, halogenation and sulphonation. Reimer-Tiemann Reaction (mechanism), Gattermann-Koch Reaction (mechanism), Houben–Hoesch Condensation, Schotten – Baumann Reaction (mechanism).

Ethers (aliphatic and aromatic): Williamson’s ether synthesis, Cleavage of ethers with HI.

Aldehydes and ketones (aliphatic and aromatic): (Formaldehye, acetaldehyde, acetone and benzaldehyde)

Preparation: from acid chlorides and from nitriles.

Reactions – Reaction with HCN, ROH, NaHSO₃, NH₂-G derivatives. Iodoform test. Aldol Condensation (mechanism), Cannizzaro’s reaction (mechanism), Wittig reaction, Benzoin condensation (mechanism). Clemensen reduction and Wolff Kishner reduction. Meerwein-Pondorff Verley reduction.

Organo magnesium compounds: the Grignard reagents-formation, structure and chemical reactions.*Organo lithium compounds: formation and chemical reactions.

Acidity of α-hydrogens, synthetic applications of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate. Synthesis of ethyl acetoacetate, Claisen condensation. Keto-enol tautomerism in ethyl acetoacetate.

1. Graham Solomon, T.W., Fryhle, C.B. & Dnyder, S.A. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons (2014).

2. McMurry, J.E. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 7th Ed. Cengage Learning India edition, 2013.

3. Sykes, P. A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman, New Delhi (1988).

4. Finar, I.L. Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II), E.L.B.S.

5. Morrison, R.T. & Boyd, R.N. Organic Chemistry, Pearson, 2010.

1. Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.

2. Barrow, G.M. Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw?]Hill (2007).

3. Paula Y. Bruice, Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Prentice-Hall International Inc, 2003.

4. Castellan, G.W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).

5. Kotz, J.C., Treichel, P.M. & Townsend, J.R. General Chemistry Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2009).

6. Mahan, B.H. University Chemistry 3rd Ed. Narosa (1998).

7. Petrucci, R.H. General Chemistry 5th Ed. Macmillan Publishing Co.: New York (1985).

This course introduces the students to various experiments on electrochemistry, Ionic equilibria and thermometry, preparation and purification techniques of organic compounds. It also emphasizes the importance of organized and systematic approach in carrying out experiments.

Principles of physical chemistry studied by the students in the theory classes get reinforced. They learn purification of different organic compounds and the identification of functional groups.

1. Determination of heat capacity of calorimeter for different volumes.

2. Determination of enthalpy of neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide.

3. Determination of enthalpy of ionization of acetic acid.

4. Determination of integral enthalpy of solution of salts (KNO₃, NH₄Cl).

5. Determination of enthalpy of hydration of copper sulphate.

6. Study of the solubility of benzoic acid in water and determination of ΔH.

pH measurements

a) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass electrode) using pH-meter.

b) Preparation of buffer solutions:

(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid

(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide

Measurement of the pH of buffer solutions and comparison of the values with theoretical values.

Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and  
distillation.

2. Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.

3. Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed.

    Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields to be done.

(a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline

(b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols

(c) Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone

1. Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G., Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.

2. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Longman, 1960.

3. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Co.: New Delhi (2011).

1. Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G., Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.

2. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Longman, 1960.

3. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Co.: New Delhi (2011).

.  Continuous internal assessment of Practicals …………            20 Marks

2.  Mid-term practical Test …………………………………           20 Marks

3.  Record assessment ………………………………………                        10 Marks

4.  End-semester Practical examination …………………..           50 Marks

      (Viva voce –                        10 marks

      Performing experiment –    40 marks)      

                                        TOTAL                                                      100 Marks

• To expose learners to variety of texts to interact with them
• To help learners classify ideologies and be able to express the same
• To expose learners to visual texts and its reading formulas
• To help learners develop a taste to appreciate works of literature through the organization of language
• To help develop critical thinking
• To help learners appreciate literature and the language nuances that enhances its literary values

• To help learners understand the relationship between the world around them and the text/literature

·         To help improve their communication skills for larger academic purposes and vocational ppurposes

·         Develop an analytical and critical bent of mind to compare and analyze the various literature they read and discuss in class

·         Develop a more humane and service oriented approach to all forms of life around them.  

·         Rudyard Kipling – “Gunga Din”  

Ø  Skill focus

Adjectives/ adverbs

Sentence structures

Clauses

·         The Black Cat – Edgar Allan Poe

Ø  Skill focus

Verb use

Sentence structures

·         William Blake – “London”

Ø  Skill focus

Verb use advanced

Clause types

·         Santosh Desai – The death penalty as a sign of the times ©

Ø  Skill focus

Rhetorical questions

Types of sentences

·         John Donne – “Death, Be Not Proud”

Ø  Skill focus

Word use

Sentence structure

·         Monkey’s Paw – W W Jacobs

Ø  Skill focus

Direct speech

Reported speech

Para structures

·          Ruskin Bond – 'The Photograph' ©

Ø  Skill focus

Types of sentences

Cohesions

Para structure

Personal essay

·         Sylvia Plath-   ‘Surgeon at 2 AM’

Ø  Skill focus

Imagery use

Creative writing

Visual Text: The Great Indian Railways

Ø  Skill focus

Reading and appreciating visual text

CIA 2= 50 (20 MARKS ONLINE EXAM ON VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR AND 30 MARKS WRITTEN EXAM BASED ON SYLLABUS)

CIA 3=20

ESE= 50

French as second language for the UG program

1.      Festivals and rituals in France

2.      Telephone conversations- Social network- Guide and Forum of Travel

3.      People magazines and the life of celebrities.

1.      Montreal- the seasons, the weather

2.      Overseas France and the Reunion

3.      Brussels, European capital

1.      National health nutrition program and the week of taste – the typical meal and food habits in France

2.      The great designers and the high fashion- Fashion and personal Image

3.      Online shopping – Gift occasions

1.      Big stores and Purchase of current consumption- The Means of payment

2.      The great chefs and the gastronomic guides - Restaurant critics

3.      Memories of a place of life- The neo- rural