Syllabus for
Master of Philosophy (Chemistry)
Academic Year  (2018)

This course is intended to assist students in planning and carrying out research projects.  The students are exposed to the principles, procedures and techniques of implementing a research project.

• foster a clear understanding about research design that enables students in analyzing and evaluating the published research.
• acquire sound knowledge in theoretical and quantitative methods.
• analyze and interpret data for evaluating alternative perspectives.
• understand the components and techniques of effective report writing.
• obtain necessary skills in preparing scientific documents using LaTeX..
• employ computers in managing and planning research activities effectively.

An introduction–meaning of research-objectives of research- motivation in research –types of research- research approaches-significance of research-research methods versus methodology-research and scientific method-importance of knowing how research done-research processes-criteria of good research-defining research problem-selecting the problem-necessity of defining the problem-technique involved in defining a problem-Research design- meaning of research design-need for research design-features of good design-different research design-basic principles of experimental design

Measurement and Scaling Techniques- Methods of Data Collection, - processing and Analysis of Data,- Sampling Fundamentals, Testing of Hypotheses - I (Parametric or Standard Tests of Hypotheses), Chi-square Test, Analysis of Variance and Covariance, Testing of Hypotheses - II (Nonparametric or Distribution - Free Test),Multivariate Analysis Techniques.

Interpretation and report writing, technique of report writing-precaution in interpretation-significance- different steps of report writing- layout of research report-oral presentation- mechanics of writing- Exposure to writing tools like Latex/PDF, Camera Ready Preparation

Originality in research, resources for research, Research skills, Time management, Role of supervisor and Scholar, Interaction with subject expert,  The Computer: Its Role in Research, Case study interpretation: minimum 5 case studies.

1. C.R.Kothari, Research Methodology- Methods and Techniques, 2nd ed., Vishwa Prakashan Publications, New Delhi, 2006.

2. R. Pannerselvam, Research methodology, 3rd Printing, New Delhi, PHI 2006.

3. Santosh Gupta,  Methodology And Statistical Techniques, 1st ed., Deep and Deep Publications, 2004.

4. E. B. Wilson Jr., An Introduction to scientific research, 1st ed., (Reprint), New York: Dover publications Inc, 2000.

5. Ram Ahuja, Research Methods, 1st ed., New Delh: Rawat Publications, 2002.

6. Gopal Lal Jain, Research Methodology, 2nd ed., Jaipur: Mangal Deep Publications, 2003.

7. B. C. Nakra and K. K. Chaudhry: Instrumentation, measurement and analysis,2nd ed., New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2004.

8. S. L. Mayers,  Data analysis for Scientists, Reprint,John Wiley & Sons, 2000.

9. L. Blaxter, C. Hughes, M. Tight, How to research, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2010.

10. J. Bell, Doing your research project, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2010.

11. A. Thomas, J. Chataway, M. Wuyts, Finding our fast-Investigative Skills for Policy and Development, Reprint, SAGE Publications Inc., 2000.

12. P.J.M. Costello,  Effective Action Research: Developing Reflective Thinking and Practice, 2nd ed., Continuum, 2005 (NIAS)

13. B. Gilham, Case study research methods,1st ed.,Continuum,  2011.

14. S. Kleinman, M.A.Copp, Emotions and fieldwork, Reprint, SAGE Publications Inc., 2000.

15. I. Gregory, Ethics in research, Continuum, 2005 (NIAS)

16. J. Bennet, Evaluation methods in research, Continuum, 2005 (NIAS)

17. D. L. Morgan, Focus groups as qualitative research, Reprint, Sage Pub., 2000 (NIAS)

18. Illingham,Jo., Giving presentations, OUP, 2003 (NIAS)

19. M. Denscombe, The good research guide, Reprint, Viva, 2000 (NIAS)

20. D. Ezzy, Qualitative analysis, Routledge, 2002 (NIAS)

21. M. Q. Patton, Qualitative evaluation and research methods, Reprint, Sage Pub, 2000 (NIAS)

22. J. Kirk, Reliability and validity in qualitative research, Rerpint, Sage Pub, 2000 (NIAS)

This course is intended to introduce the students to various topics in modern methods of chemistry. An exposure is given in topics like nanotechnology, spectroscopy, analytical chemistry, catalysis and organic synthesis.

In this course the students will acquire knowledge aboutvarious topics in modern methods of chemistry.

Naostructures and Nanomaterials, Overview of Nanostructures and Nanomaterials: Classification, Synthesis of nanomaterials, top down and bottom up approach, Properties at nanoscale, Overview of characterization of nanostructures and nanomaterials, Microscopic and thermal analysis techniques, Applications of of nanomaterials, Optical, catalytic and magnetic applications.

Electronic spectroscopy       

Principle, theory and application in quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Infrared and Raman spectroscopy

Principles of Infra red and Raman spectroscopy, Characteristic vibrational frequencies of organic functional groups. Factors affecting vibrational frequencies, Application of Raman spectroscopy as a complimentary technique to IR in structure analysis.

NMR Spectroscopy

Introduction- chemical shift values and correlation for protons bonded to carbon. Applications in structural elucidations. ¹³CNMR spectral analysis, Two dimensional NMR spectroscopy.

Mass Spectrometry                                                                                                  

 Basic principles, ion production, Mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds, Applications in structural elucidation.

Interpretation of the structures by spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopy.

Electron spin resonance

Principles, ESR of organic free radicals in solution, Inorganic radicals and transition metals.

Chromatography- Principles and applications of paper, thin layer, Gas chromatography-detectors, temperature programming, GC-MS, HPLC, Electro analytical methods- Principles and applications of Coulometry, Voltammetric and amperometric titrations. Thermal methods of analysis: Theory and applications of TGA, DTA and DSC.

Capillary electrophoresis: Theory, Sample separation and detection, applications, XRD.

Preparation of catalysts, introduction of precursor compound, impregnation, adsorption, interaction of metal compound with substrate surface, metal distribution within catalyst pellets, metal cluster compounds as active precursors, pre-activation treatment, drying and calcinations, activation process.

Characterization of catalysts, Surface acidity measurements, catalytic activity of zeolites, Shape selective catalysis by zeolites, zeolites in certain industrial processes.

Electro-organic synthesis: Special features of electro-organic synthesis as compared to conventional synthesis, reaction variables in electro-organic synthesis.

Classification: synthesis involving cathodic, anodic and electropolymerisation reactions, one or two examples of each type of reaction.

Aqueous phase reactions – Green Chemistry: Diels-Alder reaction, Claisen rearrangement, Michael reaction, aldol condensation, Knoevenagel reaction, benzoin condensation, pinacol coupling, Strecker synthesis, Wurtz reaction, Heck reaction. Oxidations and reductions, polymerization reactions.   

[1]   Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Design: an Introduction to Engineers and Architects, D. Michael Ashby, Paulo Ferreira, Daniel L. Schodek, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2009.

[2]   Handbook of Nanophase and Nanostructured Materials (in four volumes), Eds: Z.L. Wang, Y. Liu, Z. Zhang, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2003.

[3]   Banwell C.N. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy.TMH Edition, 1994.

[4]   Barrow G.M. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy. McGraw  Hill, 1988.

[5]   Kemp W. Organic spectroscopy. London: ELBS, 2000. 

[6]   Silverstien R.M., and W.P. Weber. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. 2005. 

[7]   Pavia D.L., G.M. Lapman and G.S. Kriz. Introduction to spectroscopy, 3^rd Ed. Harcourt College Publishers, 2001. 

[8] Handbook of Nanoceramics and their Based Nanodevices (Vol. 2) Edited by Tseung-Yuen Tseng and Hari Singh Nalwa, American Scientific Publishers.

[2]  Willard H.H., L.L. Merrit, J.A. Dean and F.A. Set Instrumental methods of analysis. CBS Publishers, 1996.

[3]  Skoog, West, Holler and Crouch. Fundamentals of analytical chemistry, 8^th ed. Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd, 2004.

[4]  Styles A.B., Catalyst manufacture, Ny: Marbel Dekker Inc., 1983.

[5]  Anderson J.R. and M. Boudart Catalysis, science and technology, Vol. 6, Berlin Heildberg: Springer – Verlag, 1984.

[6]  Barrer R.M. Hydrothemal Chemistry of Zeolites, London: Academic press, 1982.

[7]  Breck D.W. Zeolite molecular sieves. Ny: Wiley, 1977.

[8]  .Ahluwalia V.K and M.Goyal. A text book of organic chemistry. New Delhi: Narosa publishing house, 2000.

[9]  Ahluwalia V.K. and R. Aggarwal. Organic synthesis: special techniques. New Delhi: Narosa publishing house, 2001.

      [10]    Sanghi R.and M.M.Srivatsava. Green chemistry, environment-friendly alternatives, New Delhi: Narosa publishing house, 2003.

CIA 2 midsemester exam 50 marks (50% will be considered)

Attendance 5 marks

End-semester 100 marks (50 % will be considered)

This course deals with principles of chemical analysis, theories and instrumentation of advanced separation, synthetic and spectroscopic techniques.

In this course the students will acquire knowledge about various techniques involved in synthetic chemistry.

Accuracy and precision, Relative error, correlation coefficient, mean and average deviation and standard deviation, limit of detection, quantitation limit, sensitivity, selectivity, specificity, Statistical tests T-test, F-test and their significance, Least square method of deriving calibarion plots.

Solvent extraction - batch and continuous extraction of liquids, continuous solid- liquid extraction, microextraction techniques and their applications.                                                                                       

Chromatography: Ion Exchange chromatography- Principle and Techniques of column chromatography, Thin layer chromatography,

Instrumentation and application of XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, AFM.

Optical and Electroanalytical techniques: Absorption and fluorescence studies-Photophysical properties of organic molecules, solvatochromic method for the determination of dipole moments, Cyclic voltammetry-Reversible systems, Irreversible and Quasi-reversible systems, Quantitative applications. Chronoamperometry, stripping analysis- Anaodic stripping voltammetry, cathodic stripping voltammetry, applications. Working electrodes- Mercury electrodes, carbon electrodes, metal electrodes, chemically modified electrodes, 

Interpretation of NMR, Mass , IR, UV/Vis spectra. Journal articles related to the selected topics of the proposed work.

1.      Skoog, West, Holler and Crouch. Fundamentals of analytical chemistry, 8th ed. Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd, 2004.

2.      Willard H.H., L.L. Merrit, J.A. Dean and F.A. Set. Instrumental methods of analysis, CBS Publishers, 1996.

3.      Christian G.D. Analytical chemistry, 5th  ed. John – Wiley and Sons Inc., 1994.

4.      Khopkar S.M. Environmental Pollution Analysis.  Wiley Eastern.

5.      Vowels P. D. and D.W. Connel. Experiments in Environmental Chemistry. Pergamon 1980.

6.      Narayan Reddy K.S. The essentials of Forensic medicine and Toxicology. Hyderabad: Suguna  Devi, 2002.

7.      Ahluwalia , V. K., and Aggarwal, R., Organic synthesis: special techniques,  2nd ed. New Delhi: Narosa publishing House, 2006.

8.      Ahluwalia , V. K., and Kidwai, M., New trends in green chemistry, New Delhi: Anamaya publishers, 2004.

9.       Sanghi, R., and Srivastava, M.M., Green chemistry: environment friendly alternatives, New Delhi: Narosa, 2003.

2.     Christian G.D. Analytical chemistry, 5^th  ed. John – Wiley and Sons Inc., 1994.

3.     Khopkar S.M. Environmental Pollution Analysis.  Wiley Eastern.

CIA 2 50 marks midsemester exam

Attendance 5 marks

Endsemester exam 100 marks

In the third semester, the students are given major emphasis to pursue research work on a chosen research problem. The modular objectives include research proposal, presentations on the research work done, submission of dissertation and viva voce examination. 

The students should be given emphasis to pursue research work on a chosen research problem. 

1. Research Proposal 25 marks

2. Presentations 25 marks

3.Submission of dissertation 100 marks (paper publication 20 marks, paper presentation 10 marks dissertation 70 marks)

4. Defense/Viva Voce 50 marks