Syllabus for
Master of Philosophy (Chemistry)
Academic Year  (2017)

Mid Semester is of 50 marks.

End SemesterQuestion paper is for a total of 100 marks

Dissertation is of 200 marks

In the third semester, the students are given major emphasis to pursue research work on a chosen research problem. The modular objectives include research proposal, presentations on the research work done, submission of dissertation and viva voce examination. The assessment will be done based on paper publications in refereed journals and presentation of research papers in national/international conferences/symposia/seminars.

This course is intended to give an insight into the philosophy and methods in research. The topics included are methods of literature review, thesis writing and the tools used in data analysis.

The students will acquire knowledge about the principles, procedures and required techniques for carrying out a research project.

An introduction - meaning of research - objectives of research - motivation in research - types of research - research approaches - significance of research -research methods versus methodology - research and scientific method - importance of knowing how research is done - research processes - criteria of good research - defining research problem - selecting the problem - necessity of defining the problem - techniques involved in defining a problem - research design - meaning of research design - need for research design - features of good design - different research designs - basic principles of experimental design.

Originality in Research: Resources for research - research skills - time management - role of supervisor and scholar - interaction with subject experts.

Thesis Writing: The preliminary pages and the introduction - the literature review - methodology - the data analysis - the conclusions - the references (IEEE format).

Significance of review of literature - source for literature: books -journals – proceedings - thesis and dissertations - unpublished items.

On-line Searching: Database – SciFinder – Scopus - Science Direct - Searching research articles - Citation Index - Impact Factor -  H-index etc.

: Introduction of analytical tools – Introduction to data analysis - least squares fitting of linear data and non-linear data - exponential type data - logarithmic type data - power function data and polynomials of different orders - plotting and fitting of linear, Non-linear, Gaussian, Polynomial, and Sigmoidal type data - fitting of exponential growth, exponential decay type data - plotting polar graphs - plotting histograms - Y error bars - XY error bars - data masking.            

Quantitative Techniques: General steps required for quantitative analysis - reliability of the data - classification of errors – accuracy – precision - statistical treatment of random errors - the standard deviation of complete results - error proportion in arithmetic calculations - uncertainty and its use in representing significant digits of results - confidence limits - estimation of detection limit.

: Writing scientific report - structure and components of research report - revision and refining - writing project proposal - paper writing for international journals, submitting to editors - conference presentation - preparation of effective slides, pictures, graphs - citation styles.

[2]  R. Panneerselvam, Research Methodology, New Delhi: PHI, 2005.

[3]  P. Oliver, Writing Your Thesis, New Delhi:Vistaar Publications, 2004.

[4]  J. W. Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 3nd. ed. Sage Publications, 2008.

[2]  B. C. Nakra and K. K. Chaudhry, Instrumentation, Measurement and Analysis, 2nd. ed. New Delhi: TMH publishing Co. Ltd., 2005.

[3]  Gregory I, Ethics in Research, Continuum, 2005.

[4]  F. Mittelbach and M. Goossens, The LATEX Companion, 2nd. ed. Addison Wesley, 2004.

       CIA 1 20 marks 

       CIA 2 midsemester examination 50 marks (will be converted into 25marks)

       attendance 5 marks

End semester 100 marks

This course is intended to introduce the students to various topics in modern methods of chemistry. An exposure is given in topics like symmetry, group theory, spectroscopy, analytical chemistry, catalysis and organic synthesis.

In this course the students will acquire knowledge aboutvarious topics in modern methods of chemistry.

The symmetry point groups. Reducible and Irreducible representations - Great Orthogonality theorem. Character tables- reduction formula - Construction of character tables. Chemical applications of Group theory for molecular vibrations. Molecular vibration of symmetrical AB₂ (bent) molecule, Symmetry of normal modes of ethylene. 

Electronic spectroscopy       

Principle, theory and application in quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Infrared and Raman spectroscopy

Principles of Infra red and Raman spectroscopy, Characteristic vibrational frequencies of organic functional groups. Factors affecting vibrational frequencies, Application of Raman spectroscopy as a complimentary technique to IR in structure analysis.

NMR Spectroscopy

Introduction- chemical shift values and correlation for protons bonded to carbon. Applications in structural elucidations. ¹³CNMR spectral analysis, Two dimensional NMR spectroscopy.

Mass Spectrometry                                                                                                  

 Basic principles, ion production, Mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds, Applications in structural elucidation.

Interpretation of the structures by spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopy.

Electron spin resonance

Principles, ESR of organic free radicals in solution, Inorganic radicals and transition metals.

Chromatography- Principles and applications of paper, thin layer, Gas chromatography-detectors, temperature programming, GC-MS, HPLC, Electro analytical methods- Principles and applications of Coulometry, Voltammetric and amperometric titrations. Thermal methods of analysis: Theory and applications of TGA, DTA and DSC.

Capillary electrophoresis: Theory, Sample separation and detection, applications, XRD.

Preparation of catalysts, introduction of precursor compound, impregnation, adsorption, interaction of metal compound with substrate surface, metal distribution within catalyst pellets, metal cluster compounds as active precursors, pre-activation treatment, drying and calcinations, activation process.

Characterization of catalysts, Surface acidity measurements, catalytic activity of zeolites, Shape selective catalysis by zeolites, zeolites in certain industrial processes.

Electro-organic synthesis: Special features of electro-organic synthesis as compared to conventional synthesis, reaction variables in electro-organic synthesis.

Classification: synthesis involving cathodic, anodic and electropolymerisation reactions, one or two examples of each type of reaction.

Aqueous phase reactions – Green Chemistry: Diels-Alder reaction, Claisen rearrangement, Michael reaction, aldol condensation, Knoevenagel reaction, benzoin condensation, pinacol coupling, Strecker synthesis, Wurtz reaction, Heck reaction. Oxidations and reductions, polymerization reactions.   

[1]   Cotton F.A.. Chemical Applications of Group Theory Wiley Eastern, 1976.

[2]   Schonland D.S. Molecular Symmetry Van Nostrand, 1965.

[3]   Banwell C.N. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy.TMH Edition, 1994.

[4]   Barrow G.M. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy. McGraw  Hill, 1988.

[5]   Kemp W. Organic spectroscopy. London: ELBS, 2000. 

[6]   Silverstien R.M., and W.P. Weber. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. 2005. 

[7]   Pavia D.L., G.M. Lapman and G.S. Kriz. Introduction to spectroscopy, 3^rd Ed. Harcourt College Publishers, 2001. 

[2]  Willard H.H., L.L. Merrit, J.A. Dean and F.A. Set Instrumental methods of analysis. CBS Publishers, 1996.

[3]  Skoog, West, Holler and Crouch. Fundamentals of analytical chemistry, 8^th ed. Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd, 2004.

[4]  Styles A.B., Catalyst manufacture, Ny: Marbel Dekker Inc., 1983.

[5]  Anderson J.R. and M. Boudart Catalysis, science and technology, Vol. 6, Berlin Heildberg: Springer – Verlag, 1984.

[6]  Barrer R.M. Hydrothemal Chemistry of Zeolites, London: Academic press, 1982.

[7]  Breck D.W. Zeolite molecular sieves. Ny: Wiley, 1977.

[8]  .Ahluwalia V.K and M.Goyal. A text book of organic chemistry. New Delhi: Narosa publishing house, 2000.

[9]  Ahluwalia V.K. and R. Aggarwal. Organic synthesis: special techniques. New Delhi: Narosa publishing house, 2001.

[10]    Sanghi R.and M.M.Srivatsava. Green chemistry, environment friendly alternatives, New Delhi: Narosa publishing house, 2003.

CIA 2 midsemester exam 50 marks (50% will be considered)

Attendance 5 marks

Endsemester 100 marks (50 % will be considered)

This course presents different aspects of bonding in coordination compounds, kinetics of the reactions in complexes and various spectroscopic and analytical techniques to elucidate the structure of complexes.

In this course the students will acquire deeper knowledge about coordination complexes.

Crystal field theory-splitting of orbitals in octahedral, tetrahedral, square planar, square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal fields-Ligand field stabilisation energy-John-Teller effect-Evidence for metal ligand overlap.

Molecular orbital theory of transition metal complexes-Molecular orbital energy level diagram  for octahedral complexes with and without pi-bonding.

Inert and labile complexes-crystal field activation energy-possible mechanisms for ligand replacement reactions Ligand exchange reactions in octahedral complexes of cobalt (III) and Square planar platinum (II), complexes – Trans effect-electron transfer processes.Electron transfer reaction;, outer sphere electron transfer, Marcus equation, inner sphere electron transfer- one and two electron transfer reactions, electron transfer through extended bridges, mixed valence compounds, unstable intermediate oxidation state.

Charge transfer transition and d-d transition-selection rules and transition probabilities-effect of spin orbit coupling-Spectrochemical series of ligands-Term states for d ions-ergal diagrams-Tanabe-Sugano diagrams-Calculation of Dq. Values with special reference to nickel complexes-Application of uv and visible spectroscopy in the study of metal complexes of first transition series.

Magnetic susceptibility measurements-Gouy Method-Magnetic moment-Orbital contributions to magnetic moment-spin orbit coupling-Temperature independent paramagnetism  Application of magnetic moments to structure elucidation.

Magnetic susceptibility measurements-Gouy Method-Magnetic moment-Orbital contributions to magnetic moment-spin orbit coupling-Temperature independent paramagnetism  Application of magnetic moments to structure elucidation.

Instrumentation and sampling techniques-presentation of the spectrun-hyperfine splitting – Factors affecting the magnitude of g values-Zerofield spllitting and Kramers dageneracy-Nuclear quadrupole interaction-spin hamiltonian – Line widths in solid state EPR-Applications to metal complexes                    

[1]   Huheey J.E. Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of  Structure and reactivity; New York: Harper and Row,

[2]   F.A Cotton. Applications of group theory New York: Wiley, 1971.

[3]   Cotton F.A. and G.Wilkinson. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry.  4^th ed. New York: Wiley Interscience,.

[4]   Basolo F.and R.G.Pearson. Mechanism of Inorganic reactions. New York:  Wiley.

[5]   Purcele K.F.and J.C.Kotz. Inorganic Chemistry Philadelphia: W.B. Sonders Company,.

[6]   Drago R.S. Physical Methods in Chemistry.  East West Edn.

[2]  Azaroff L.V. Introduction to solids, New York. Mc.Graw Hill.

[3]  Kittel C. Introduction to solid state Physics. New Delhi: Wiley-Eastern.

[4]  Hay R.W. Bio-inorganic Chemistry.  Chichester: Ellis Horwood Ltd., 1984.

CIA 2 midsem examination 50 marks

attendance 5 marks

Endsem examination 100 marks

This course is focused on understanding fundamental properties of materials and deals with topics like inorganic materials, layered solids, composites and nanomaterials. 

Principles of solid state synthesis-ceramic methods, solid solution and compound precursors, sol-gel, spray pyrolysis, combustion synthesis, acid leaching, hydrothermal, electrosynthetic, aerosol, mechanochemical routes.     

Layered solids, classification of layered solids, layered metal hydroxide, hydroxides of nickel and cobalt, layered double hydroxide, layered metal oxides, layered manganese oxide (Brinessite). Properties of layered solids, applications of layered solids. .Intercalation, factors affecting intercalation in cationic and anionic clays. Synthesis, processing and characterisation of nanomaterials.

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis, specificity and selectivity in catalysis, catalytic activity and strength of chemisorptions. Surface area and porosity measurement – measurement of acidity of surfaces.

Instrumentation and application of XRD, DTA, DSC, TG, IR, Raman, SEM, TEM, GC and HPLC 

2.     Willard H.H., L.L. Merrit, J.A. Dean and F.A. Set. Instrumental methods of analysis, CBS Publishers, 1996.

3.     Christian G.D. Analytical chemistry, 5^th ed. John – Wiley and Sons Inc., 1994.

4.     Rideal E.K. Concepts in Catalysis. Academic Press, 1968.

2.     P. S. Braterman, Z. P. Xu, F. Yarberry in: S. M. Auerbach, K. A. Carrado, P. K. Dutta (Eds.), Handbook of Layered materials: Layered Double Hydroxides, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2004.

3.     G. Alberti, U. Costantino, Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry: Chapter 1. Layered solids and their intercalation chemistry. Pergamon press, Oxford, 1996, Vol 7.

4.     Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of structure and reactivity. James E. Huheey, Ellen A. Keiter, Richard L. Keiter, Okhil K. Medhi , Second impression, 2007, Pearson Education.

CIA 2 Midsemester 50 marks

Attendance 5 marks

End semester 100 marks