Syllabus for
Bachelor of Architecture
Academic Year  (2017)

The B Arch Programme offers theory and studio courses. The theory courses conduct periodical Continuous Internal Assessments (CIA) which includes tests, assignments, and attendance to evaluate the students' progress. Each course would culminate with an End Semester Examination (ESE) conducted centrally by the University.

The Studio courses are continuously evaluated through reviews, assignments, and time problems, which accumulate as CIA marks. The ESE will be conducted through Viva-voce reviewed and marked by an external examiner.

Course Description: - Introduction to the basics of building materials and building system

(a)  Various building components and their intrinsic relationship to building systems
(b)  Representations and conventions used for drawing building plans, elevations, sections and isometric views.
(c)   Regular site visits to see buildings under construction.

Course Objective: - To introduce to various aspects of building materials its properties, production processes, uses, skills and tools required for construction and to explore selected elements of buildings in masonry construction and wood. The course primarily explores the intrinsic relationship of building materials and elements to building systems.

Materials, Building Systems Overview (know-how of building materials and construction)

Various conventions used for drawing plan, sections and elevations.

Brick as a building material: Types, properties, uses and manufacturing methods. 

Brick kiln, Sawmill, stone quarry, etc. -Report on site visit. 

1. Types of brick masonry walls and bonds, foundations, mortar type, plasters, buttresses, arches and lintels. 

Stone as a building material: Types, properties and uses, quarrying, Stone masonry load bearing wall construction: Types of walls, bonds, arches and lintels.

Introduction to wall construction and detailing with building materials: Hollow and solid Concrete Blocks, Hollow and solid clay Blocks, Fly ash Blocks, Aerated Concrete Block, stabilized mud blocks, Glass Blocks, etc. Properties, uses and manufacturing methods.

Simple load bearing foundations in brick and stone.

Types - Natural, hard and softwood. Quality of timber used in buildings, defects, seasoning and preservation of timber. 

Types of wooden glazed windows, study of joinery details.

Types of wooden Doors, i.e., battened, ledged, braced, paneled, flush and glazed doors. Study of joinery details. 

2. Emmitt , S., & Gorse, C. (2009). Barry's Introduction to Construction of Buildings. Wiley-Blackwell.

3. Mckay, W. (2012). Building Construction. Pearson India.

CIA 2 - 15 marks

CIA 3 - 20 marks

TOTAL CIA - 45 Marks

ESE - 50 Marks

Attendance - 05 Marks

TOTAL MARKS - 100

Course Description: - The course primarily introduces the evolutionary development of settlements and cultures during the prehistoric period and river valley civilizations and that of the tribal settlements.   

Course Objective: - Thecourse prepares to analytically understand the processes and factors that have shaped built form and settlement patterns over the centuries. It intends to critically look at situations, discover the many layers, and unravel or make the connections therein. It also enables a critical evaluation of how the past has informed contemporary works in Architecture and settlement design.

What History education entails? Architecture's connection with History

Primitive man - shelters, settlements, religious and burial systems E.g.: Oval hut, Nice, Dolmen tomb, gallery grave, passage grave, Houses at Catal Huyuk, Henge Monuments, Stonehenge.

Introduction to generic forces shaping settlements and habitats.

Forces shaping settlements and habitats: Layout of Mohenjodaro, House plan, Community well, Great Bath, Granary.

Tigris and Euphrates: Ziggurats at Warka, Ur and Tchoga Zanbil, Palace of Sargon. 

Forces shaping settlements and habitats

Mastaba Tombs, Pyramid of Cheops, Temple of Khons, Karnak.

Forces shaping settlements and habitats.

Mycenea, Persia, Etruscan. Pre-Classical Civilization Examples: Tiryns, the Temple of Juno Sospita, the Palace of Persepolis.

Forces shaping settlements and habitats with examples.

Forces shaping settlements and habitats in tribal cultures with examples.

Vedic and Epic Age Salient features Vedic Village.

Course Description: - The course is an introduction to the basics of structure and structural systems. It deals with the principles of loads, structural materials and transmissibility of forces with examples. It gives an overview on the basic principles of mechanics.

Course Objective: - An understanding of structure gives the much-required technical thrust to the subject of architecture. The course intends to develop an informed intuition for structures by emphasizing the underlying concepts and synergy of form and structure.

Historical perspective and definition of structure as a device for channeling loads that result from the use or presence of the building in relation to ground.

Example-1: Build a structure to house an un-boiled egg to be thrown from a building without breaking (avoid foam boxes and bulky structures). Example-2: Build a Structure of dimension 150x150x150mm using A4 size paper to withstand a load of 1 kilogram. Example-3: Build a beam or a truss using matchsticks to span a distance of 150mm, and test the maximum mid-span load the truss could carry. Example-4: Build a geodesic dome of 150mm dia using straws, ice cream sticks or matchsticks to span a distance of 150mm.

Vertical/lateral systems: wall, cantilever, moment frame, braced frame, horizontal one-way and two-way systems: truss, arch, vault, dome, shell, cable stayed, suspended, membrane.

Dead load (DL), live load (LL), static, dynamic, impact, and thermal loads.

Mechanical properties of Structural materials: wood, masonry, steel, concrete, fabric; energy use and rupture length. Advantages and disadvantages of Structural Materials and choice of Structural Material for -domestic buildings, Industrial buildings, Tall buildings and Long Span buildings.

Understanding load flow by tributary load and load path (slab, beam, and girder) and vertical members (post, wall, and footing); load path.

Force, Reaction, Moment and Principle of Support conditions and their significance in resistance to forces and to maintain equilibrium.

Tension, compression, shear, bending, torsion; symbols and notations; force and stress.

Modulus of Elasticity; linear and non-linear materials, elastic, plastic, and elastic-plastic materials; Poisson's Ratio; Thermal stress and strain.

Resultant and equilibrant of coplanar, concurrent and non-concurrent force systems. Parallelogram, force polygon, resultant, equilibrant, components; numeric method.

For a given configuration of the trusses and center to center spacing, calculations of the dead weight of the truss and the dead weight of the roof cover and support reaction loads.

Truss concept of triangulation, common truss configurations.

CIA 2 - 15 marks

CIA 3 - 20 marks

TOTAL CIA - 45 Marks

ESE - 50 Marks

Attendance - 05 Marks

TOTAL MARKS - 100

Course Description: - The course builds an overview of English as a communicative language. It enables to cultivate and develop the skill and confidence, in both verbal and written matter, necessary in practice.

Course Objective: -To develop skills in effective communication-both written and verbal. To explore the potential of media technology and the internet to enhance communication.

Introduction to course objective and framework of assignments and assessment. Discussion on exploratory topics. 

Reading of a passage from famous books (e.g. Samskara). Students to draw an image on A4 paper based on the read passage.

Understanding the differences among seminars, conferences, convention, congress, debates, extempore speeches, panel discussions etc. Students to write a brief synopsis on seminar topic to be submitted to seminar committee for acceptance.

Need to document infrastructure (or lack of) on college campus and students to prepare a fifteen-point questionnaire with info- graphics and conduct survey.

1.  Interpretation of materials: such as questionnaires, application forms, analysis of materials such as texts, reports, technical literature.

From spoken and written English

1.     Comprehension of lectures and speeches to locate key points. 

Understanding the difference between formal and informal letters etc. Students to Write /draw a letter to fellow architects, clients, public authorities, contractors, enquiries to industries, dealers.

To develop the ability to write concisely and correctly and present ideas in a logical manner.

Article writing on a Design or a Building, Introduction to Design Basis Report.

Term paper is a research paper written by students over an academic term.

1.  Observation based writing. Topic for assignment: PATTERNS (in nature, Architecture, art, mathematics, language, infrastructure, social systems etc.) and student to write and illustrate a 300-word essay on patterns.

Using the Internet to enhance communication

      2. Taylor, G. (2011). English Conversation Practice. McGraw Hill Education; First edition.

CIA 2 - 15 marks

CIA 3 - 20 marks

TOTAL CIA - 45 Marks

ESE - 50 Marks

Attendance - 05 Marks

TOTAL MARKS - 100

Course Description: - A creative introduction to built-environment as belonging to a sphere of culture and not merely as a technology-bound knowledge. Develop skills of observation and documentation of built environment through sketching, measured drawing and model making. Learning application of principles of space making and anthropometry through design exercises

 Course Objective: - To introduce to principles of space making and translate them into architectural solutions

• What architectural education entails? What being an architect involves? and Architecture's connection with other forms of knowledge: Science, Mathematics, Philosophy, Religion, Environment, Politics etc. Understanding Built environment as a cultural construct

1.  Observing and recording the built environment and experiencing enclosures. Learning basics of architectural representation, Identifying important local buildings, Local stories on architecture, Drawing silhouettes of favourite buildings or places, Collection and documentation of all building materials within 5 km-radius. 

Introduction to methods of observation, recording, documenting and drawing them up in specified formats and scales are part of this module.

1.     Measure drawing exercise of familiar objects & spaces- a table (object), a classroom and a staircase (static/transition spaces), pavilion, open/ enclosed spaces etc.

1.   Concepts of volume and scale, width to height ratio. Study models to explore the design principles. Multiple sectional drawings of study models.

1.     Introduction to basic development of forms: additive form, deductive form, rhythm, contrast, balance and symmetry. 

1.     Introduction to anthropometry; relationship of spaces with human body.

1.     Portfolio of study and design through drawing/representation. 

1.     Introduction to furniture; relationship of objects with human body. 

1.  Human functions and their implications for space requirements. Minimum and optimum areas for mono functions, User's data, movement and circulation diagrams. Spatial interpretations — various activities and their relationship with spaces. 

1.     Design of functional furniture layout, circulation, lighting and ventilation for spaces such as living/dining, bedrooms, Architect's office, Doctor's clinic etc.  

Course Description: -A visual perception and art course which examines how visual perception operates as a creative process affecting deeply the concepts of spatial and visual thinking and in graphical communication; it interfaces art, craft and space design.

 Course Objective: - Basic Design has two-pronged objective –

a)   To study objects and materials. Learn to work with these by using them to create 3D models+2D drawing presented. 

b)  This exercise gives a big surge forward to use their communication skills of working with their hands. Thereafter, it gives a first chance to talk and explain by a presentation skill in public speaking also.

Selection of two outdoor objects/systems and observation of their natural occurrence, relationships with context, form & structure, colors & textures, and function Sketching & visual representation in various media. Dimensional modeling in appropriate medium (clay/paper/wire/plaster/wax etc.). 

Selection of two indoor objects/systems and observation of their situation, relationships with context, form & structure, colors & textures, and functions. Sketching & visual representation in various media. 3-dimensional modeling in appropriate medium (Clay/paper/wire/plaster/wax etc.).

Hands-on making of object/joint/structure of own choice with one of the materials studied. 

Sketching & visual representation of material in various media, like Paper, clay, plaster, wood, wire, wax, photography

Selection of two materials used in everyday life (textiles, Earthenware, terracotta, metals, stone, plastic, glass etc.) Study of properties, Strength, examples of use. 

E.g. park Seat, bollard, push-cart, etc.

E.g. gazebo, kiosk, bus stop, stage set, etc. 8. Design of an enclosed object/space using the materials studied. E.g. Security cabin, grocery store, caravan etc.

2. Gill, R. (1990). Rendering with Pen and Ink. Thames & Hudson Ltd.

      3. Graves, M. (1951). The Art of Color and Design. McGraw-Hill; Second Edition edition.

CIA 2 - 15 marks

CIA 3 - 20 marks

TOTAL CIA - 45 Marks

ESE (Viva-Voce) - 50 Marks

Attendance - 05 Marks

TOTAL MARKS - 100

Course Description: - The course is an intensive introduction to architectural representation techniques. It enhances the drawing visualization and representation skills taught through a series of short exercises. The course builds an introduction to graphic tools, techniques, and conventions, designers use to communicate architectural ideas. It involves teaching, techniques of manual drafting to generate orthographic projections, 3D representations, reading scale, that are used in architecture

Course Objective: - To impart specific skills and to introduce students to the fundamental geometric principles involved in architectural representations. 

The basic principles of drawing and sign conventions; the concept of scales and application in architecture.

Lettering used in architectural drawings, including different fonts.

Typical arch forms and methods of drawing them. 

Construction of plane curves, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola and ovals. Exercise in physical modeling for parabola and hyperbola.

Exercises in lines and angles, construction of triangles, quadrilaterals and regular polygons. Introduction to the development of simple surfaces - cubes, cuboids and pyramids.

Principles of orthographic projection; projections of points, lines, planes - explore all combinations.

Simple to complex

Orthographic projection of solids

3D representation in isometric projection of solids. 

3D representation in isometric projection of built elements and built forms (simple to complex).

3D representation in axonometric projection of solids. 

3D representation in axonometric projection of built elements and built forms. 

Simple rendering of the 3D drawings of built elements and built forms - free-hand pencil rendering with shading and textures.

Rowe, P. (1987). Design Thinking. Cambridge: MIT Press.

               ESE (Viva-voce)                           50%

Total                                              95%

Attendance*                                  5%

Grand Total                                   100%

Course Description: - The course is an introduction to the building materials timber and RCC. It also involves knowing and studying the properties of the materials, manufacture of the products, application in building systems, market surveys and site visits to various factories which fabricate these components.

Course Objectives: - To develop a deeper understanding of the intrinsic relationship of the materials, timber and RCC to basic building systems, which includes roofing for medium spans, concrete columns, concrete foundations and staircases

a. Timber, various parts, their purposes and method of construction. Use of tiling for roofing.                                       

b. Wood joining and wood doors/windows/frames

Steel trussed roof, their purposes and method of construction. Use of GI sheets and aluminum sheets for roofing.

Lean-to roof, Collared Roof, King-post roof, Queen-Post Roof; Detailed Drawing of one roof system.

Cement - Types of cement, their applications, laboratory and field tests. Properties and architectural uses of reinforced steel. Reinforced Cement Concrete as a building material: Concrete Ingredients, grades of concrete, admixtures, properties of concrete, production of concrete, mix, proportioning (Site visit to a Ready-mix concrete (RMC) batching plant).

Form work, placing, and compaction, curing of concrete, sampling and testing of concrete. Construction joints, expansion joints, finish in concrete, chemical admixtures. (Site visit to concreting construction site).

RCC Foundations (Isolated footing) and Columns (Square and Round)         Raft foundations, Grillage foundations and combined footing.

Single and Double Stringer stairs: Means and methods of Construction.

Anthropometry of stairs, types of Staircases and construction methods of staircase in - Masonry, timber, RCC, Steel and Composite.

Waist slab, folded plate, Stringer stairs, precast stairs: Means and methods of Construction.

Stringer stairs, Folded Type, Spiral stairs, Fire escape stairs: Means and methods of Construction.

Brick/stone, Steel/Timber, Concrete/wood, steel/ glass: Means and methods of Construction.

2. Emmitt , S., & Gorse, C. (2009). Barry's Introduction to Construction of Buildings. Wiley-Blackwell.

3. Mckay, W. (2012). Building Construction. Pearson India.

CIA 2 - 15 marks

CIA 3 - 20 marks

TOTAL CIA - 45 Marks

ESE - 50 Marks

Attendance - 05 Marks

TOTAL MARKS - 100

Course Description: The course explains as well as interprets the Buddhist and Hindu styles in the history of Indian architecture. It provokes explorations on the influencing factors such as geography, technology, patriarchy, ritual, ecology etc. to situate the various local styles evolved during this period, its planning process and ornamentally proportional details.

Course Objective: - To develop a deeper understanding of Indian architecture and its local traditions as a more convincing and inspiring method to evaluate and understand contemporary design.

Mahayana phase, stupa and rock cut cave Architecture

Study of principles of design of buildings through study of a) Monumental; b) Domestic (Built to inhabit) and c) Civic space.

Study of principles of design of buildings through study of; a) Monumental; Great Stupa at Sanchi, Chaitya at Karli, Viharas at Ajanta, and Toranas at Sanchi b) Domestic (Built to inhabit) and c) Civic space.

Indo Aryan and Dravidian - Early temples at Udaigiri, Tigawa and Sanchi.

Pallavas, rathas at Mamallapuram, Shore temple, Kailsanatha and Vaikuntaperumal temples at Kancheepuram.

Dravidian Experiments at Aihole (Durga • temple and LadKhan temple), Deogarh, Bhitargaon and Badami.

Study of principles of design of.buildings through study of: a) Monumental; Brihadeshwara temple at Thanjavur and Gangaikonda Cholapuram b) Domestic (Built to inhabit) and c) Civic space.

Study of principles of design of buildings through study of: a) Monumental; Gopurams Madurai (Meenakshi temple) and Srirangam b) Domestic (Built to inhabit) and c) Civic space.

The beginnings in Orissa – the Lingaraja at Bhubaneshwar.

Study of principles of design of buildings through study of: a) Monumental; Eg: Channakesava temple, Belur, Hoysalesvara temple, Halebid, Kesava temple, Somnathpur; b) Domestic (Built to inhabit) and c) Civic space.

The Vijayanagar and- Noted temples at Hampi (Vitthala temple and Hazara Rama temple).

1.  (Temple of Surya, Orissa, Marwar) and Gujarat (Temple of Surya, Modhera). The Khajuraho group: Khandariya Mahadev, Jain temple's - Chaumukh temple at Ranpur.

2. Grover, S. (1980). Architecture of India: Buddhist and Hindu. Vikas Publishing House Pvt.Ltd ,India.

CIA 2 - 15 marks

CIA 3 - 20 marks

TOTAL CIA - 45 Marks

ESE - 50 Marks

Attendance - 05 Marks

TOTAL MARKS - 100

Course Description:  The course completes the basics of structure and structural systems. With an overview to the principles of loads, structural materials and transmissibility of forces with examples and basic principles of mechanics, it deals with the structural systems of building elements such as beams and columns. 

Course Objective: - To introduce transmissibility of forces and reactions and basic structural systems of beams and columns.

Centroid, Centroidal axes and Moments of Inertia for regular sections by Parallel Axis Theorem. 

Method of balancing moments and free-body diagrams. 

Beams and supporting conditions - Types of supports - Implications for computational and structural performance.

Theory of simple bending - Concept of bending and shear stress distribution at a cross section due to bending moment and shear for Rectangular, I and T sections.

Concept of Shear force and Bending Moment diagrams. BMD and SFD for simple beams subjected to loads. BMD and SFD for intermediate beams 2span, 3span and 4span beams (bending moment diagrams to be provided).

Moment of Inertia, Section Modulus, Bending and Shear Stress.

Determination of deflection for simply supported, fixed, continuous and Cantilever beams subjected to loads using standard formulas.

Buckling; effective length, critical load, slenderness ratio; Euler formula; "Kern" and rule of inner third. 

Introduction to Short and long columns.

Definition of short column as per IS 456 and design of short RCC columns (composite action, load taken by steel and load taken by concrete respectively).

Axial stress and combined axial and bending stress design and analysis of steel columns. 

2. Prasad, I. (2002). A Textbook of Applied Mechanics: Dynamics & Statics. Khanna Publishers

2. Schierle, G. (2008). Structure and Design. University Readers.

3. Schodek, D., & Bechthold, M. (2013). Structures. Pearson; 7th Edition.

CIA 2 - 15 marks

CIA 3 - 20 marks

TOTAL CIA - 45 Marks

ESE - 50 Marks

Attendance - 05 Marks

TOTAL MARKS - 100

Course Description: This course enables students to understand salient methods to be applied in surveying, leveling and mapping. Topics include selection of instruments, operational skill, conclusion process, desired information in the aspects of map preparation, detail interpretation, and area, volume, and dimension quantification.

Course Objective: The Student may develop the guided skills of surveying and leveling. Thereafter practice and carry out work on the land when necessary to resurvey or get more exact levels for his edifice to fit like a glove. 

Definition, classification, principles of surveying, character of work, shrunk scale. 

Chain Survey: Instruments used, Types of chain, Instruments for ranging. 

Introduction to Levelling; Definition, classification, booking and reduction of levels, longer levelling, errors.

Chain Survey: Setting out angles, erecting perpendiculars. Plane table survey - Plane table and accessories.

Theodolite; instrument for measuring angles in the horizontal and vertical planes. Total station; electronic theodolite integrated with an electronic distance measurement to measure slope distances.

Characteristics of contours, direct and indirect methods of contouring, interpolation, and uses of contours.

On site factors; Analysis of natural factors, topography, hydrology, soils, landforms, vegetation, climate, microclimate. Influence of water bodies.

Survey without instruments using geometry and one's own body. To learn to read the terrain by intuition and by measure, including photography as a surveying method.

Setting out works such as center lin.es of a building (working drawings of a small residence to be provided) 

Learning to read a land survey drawing; type of land survey drawing, Scale and North direction in drawing, legend or list of the symbols used on drawings, counter indications on a drawing, grid references for measurements etc. 

CIA 2 - 15 marks

CIA 3 - 20 marks

TOTAL CIA - 45 Marks

ESE - 50 Marks

Attendance - 05 Marks

TOTAL MARKS - 100

Course Description: - The emphasis of this studio is in the development of fundamentals of architectural form and space making. It focuses on two important aspects of design education: the idea of an enclosure and the emphasis on the expression of poetic self. It adopts a case study methodology in developing the understanding of the fundamentals.

Course Objective: - To expose the students to the grammar of creating architectural space and form, including the study of variables like light, movement, transformation, scale, structure & skin and functional relationships. 

1.     A "boundary", a "center" and a "spirit" PATH: A "way" and a "goal" DOMAIN: A conglomeration of paths and goals that forms a "whole" with its own "identity"

Materials E.g. Masonry (brick & stone), Steel/Glass with cladding infill, exposed Concrete.

Enclosure, Ambiguity, Transparency in Plan, Section and Elevation, with concept sketches and diagrams so that presentation is self-explanatory ex. 1:50 plans, sections, and elevations. Emphasis on work in studio by hand drawing and study model with lift off roof.

Lecture cum discussion on the Poetics of Space like light, movement, transformation, scale, structure and skin (case study based): keywords for discussion: contemplative / severe / dramatic / minimalist / natural / organic / contemporary / traditional.

Understanding the role of physical (terrain, climate, materials, etc.) and cultural factors (open, closed, transition spaces) that inform architecture. Projects shall be explored with the help of models and sketches. Any One Room enclosure could be taken to explore the implication of light, movement, transformation, scale, structure and skin. 

1.     Formulate a process of testing the various elements of space making learnt earlier in the semester through a project on an actual site. The project examples could be: A House for myself, Guest House, Farm house, Villa, Container house, Courtyard house, Tree house, etc.

Emphasis on freeing the expression of the poetic self, rather than on meeting external standards, and student development of self-explanatory presentations.

Case study assignment (done in groups of four students per group): One from library/internet research and one from actual experience.

Project presented in the form of a portfolio. Emphasis on studio work/participation and Hand drawings. 

2. Curtis, W. (1994). Le Corbusier: Ideas and Forms. Phaidon Press; Revised ed. edition.

3. Gill, R. (1990). Rendering with Pen and Ink. Thames & Hudson Ltd.

4. Mertins, D. (2014). Mies. Phaidon Press.

CIA 2 - 25 marks

CIA 3 - 50 marks

TOTAL CIA - 95 Marks

ESE (Viva-Voce) - 100 Marks

Attendance - 05 Marks

TOTAL MARKS - 200

Course Description: The course introduces explorations on scale, patterns generated from nature and other sources, mapping as a graphical technique and to structure.

Course Objective: To explore the relationship between materiality & space, between building, the environment and culture and to initiate an understanding of abstraction and analysis of space and form.

Conceiving one's own map - from home to studio/of the campus/of a Neighborhood. Explore issues of movement, navigation, circulation, direction and discovery through exercises. 

Drawing and Reading of maps - Explore issues of representation, scale, starting point, orientation, landmarks, imagery. Use of different methods of rendering.

Study of pattern-making in technology. (Such as geodesics, nanotech, fractals etc.) Observation & representation of 2- & 3-dimensional patterns in various -media.eg. Wire/soap bubble/ photographs/digital models etc. 

Study of pattern-making in nature, (Such as trees, leaves, crystals, shells etc.) Observation & representation of 2-dimensional patterns in various visual media.eg. Charcoal/pencil/crayon/oils etc. 

Use of patterns to synthesize and create form. Use of Both physical and material patterns as well as patterns of transformation and Integration. Appreciation of the difference between architecture and pattern. 

Hands-on Design exercise - creation of a simple design in which form is integral with structure. E.g. Shells, massive forms, pneumatics.

Understanding gravity, and the different ways we resist it. Study of Material & structure in nature, and how design brings them together. Sketch analysis of Structure and form in an example taken from Patterns-1.

Hands-on Design exercise - creation of a simple design in which form is distinct from structure. E.g. Portal frames, tensile structures.

Dimensional understanding of the human body; in static and dynamic modes. Measured drawing of space needed for basic postures & movements. 

Study of the relationship between human body and the built environment understanding usage and comfort. E.g. Bazaar, doctor's clinic, train carriage etc.

Understanding of the significance of the Cardinal directions, and the role played by Sunlight, Wind and Rain in determining design response 12. Culture & Design: Understanding social attitudes to Built form: extroverted/introverted, formal/informal, typical/individual, simple/labyrinthine, contiguous/isolated etc. 

Sketch/photographic documentation of a neighborhood or settlement street pattern, house form & community spaces a) Analysis-1: Sketched analysis of built form in terms of patterns, structure and scale b) Analysis-2: Sketched analysis of built form in terms of orientation & climate c) Analysis-3: Sketched analysis of built form in terms of culture & society.

2. Cullen, G. (1961). The Concise Townscape. Architectural Press; Edition 1.

3. IDEO. (2011). Human Centered Design Toolkit. Authorhouse; Edition 2.

4. Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City. MIT Press.

McDonough, W., & Braungart , M. (2002). Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. North Point Press; Edition 1.

CIA 2 - 15 marks

CIA 3 - 20 marks

TOTAL CIA - 45 Marks

ESE (Viva-Voce) - 50 Marks

Attendance - 05 Marks

TOTAL MARKS - 100

Course Description: - The course explores development of drawing skills and of technical drawings as tools of design thinking, visualization and representation; through 3D drawing techniques with applicable renderings that include shades and shadows.

Course Objective: - To develop necessary 3D graphical skills, to emphasis the use of drawing as a medium of spatial visualization.

3D representation in exploded axonometric projection of built elements and built forms.

Combination of different forms. Examples: Cylinder with cube or regular polygons, dome with a cube, etc.

True shapes of sections 

Advanced topics with application to built forms, Suggested examples: Domes, curved roofs, etc.

Picture plane, station point, vanishing point, eye level, ground level, their variation and their resultant effects. examples of simple geometric objects.

Perspective drawings of simple built form with simple built elements -Suggested example: Interior view of a single room and built elements in incremental steps. Technical steps with the object falling within the cone of vision, object going out of the cone of vision, and objects and elements closer. Analysis of the differences with previous technical images. Perspective drawings of everyday objects like chair and table without many design features. Generate multiple perspective drawings by altering the VP and PP, and by keeping SP fixed for the same examples.

History of perspective drawings with examples from international and Indian context. Principles of perspective drawings and examples of the visual effects of three dimensional objects when seen in perspective.

Perspective drawings of simple geometrical objects and their combinations. Examples: Perspective drawings of built forms with built elements Perspective drawings of simple everyday objects. Generate multiple views of the same objects. 

Principles of drawing shade and shadow Exercises exploring the principles of drawing shade and shadow in perspective drawings - drafting shade and shadows to examples from the perspective drawings.

Exercises in free-hand techniques for generating perspective drawings with multiple views on site with simple rendering. Introduce simple street elements and simple trees for the buildings generated in the perspective drawing classes. 

2. Mullik, S. (n.d.). Perspective. Jyotsna Prakashan.

3. The American Institute of Architects. (2016). Architectural Graphic Standards (Ramsey/Sleeper Architectural Graphic Standards Series) (12th Revised ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

CIA 2 - 15 marks

CIA 3 - 20 marks

TOTAL CIA - 45 Marks

ESE (Viva-Voce) - 50 Marks

Attendance - 05 Marks

TOTAL MARKS - 100