Syllabus for
Bachelor of Technology (Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Academic Year  (2022)

This mandatory course is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the different facets of Cyber Security.  In addition, the course will detail into specifics of Cyber Security with Cyber Laws both in Global and Indian Legal environments

Security Fundamentals-4 As Architecture Authentication Authorization Accountability, Social Media, Social Networking and Cyber Security.Cyber Laws, IT Act 2000-IT Act 2008-Laws for Cyber-Security, Comprehensive National Cyber-Security Initiative CNCI – Legalities

Cyber Attack and Cyber Services Computer Virus – Computer Worms – Trojan horse.Vulnerabilities -  Phishing -  Online Attacks – Pharming - Phoarging  –  Cyber Attacks  -  Cyber Threats -  Zombie- stuxnet - Denial of Service Vulnerabilities  - Server Hardening-TCP/IP attack-SYN Flood

Cyber Security Management Risk Management and Assessment - Risk Management Process - Threat Determination Process -Risk Assessment - Risk Management Lifecycle.Security Policy Management - Security Policies - Coverage Matrix Business Continuity Planning - DisasterTypes  -  Disaster Recovery Plan - Business Continuity Planning Process

Vulnerability - Assessment and Tools: Vulnerability Testing - Penetration Testing Black box- white box.Architectural Integration:  Security Zones - Devicesviz Routers, Firewalls, DMZ. Configuration Management - Certification and Accreditation for Cyber-Security.

Authentication and Cryptography: Authentication - Cryptosystems - Certificate Services, Securing Communications:  Securing Services -  Transport  –  Wireless  -  Steganography and NTFS Data Streams. Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems:   Intrusion -  Defense in Depth  -  IDS/IPS  -IDS/IPS Weakness and Forensic AnalysisCyber Evolution: Cyber Organization – Cyber Future

R2. Thomas R, Justin Peltier, John, “Information Security Fundamentals”, Auerbach Publications.

R3. AtulKahate, “Cryptography and Network Security”,  2^nd Edition, Tata McGrawHill.2003

R4. Nina Godbole, SunitBelapure, “Cyber Security”, Wiley India 1^st Edition 2011

R5. Jennifer L. Bayuk and Jason Healey and Paul Rohmeyer and Marcus Sachs, “Cyber Security Policy Guidebook”, Wiley; 1 edition , 2012

R6. Dan Shoemaker and Wm. Arthur Conklin, “Cyber security: The Essential Body Of Knowledge”,   Delmar Cengage Learning; 1 edition, 2011

R7. Stallings, “Cryptography & Network Security - Principles & Practice”, Prentice Hall, 6th Edition 2014

Maximum Marks : 50

The course aims at

• Analyse a particular circuit energized with independent, dependent sources, using Node, Mesh analysis and network theorems like Superposition, Thevenins Theorem, Nortons Theorem and Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.
• Analyse dynamic circuits energized with ac source using Node, Mesh analysis and network theorems like Superposition , Thevenins and Nortons Theorem
• Analyse circuits using Laplace Transform
• Design various filters using the T and pi network.
• Describe the characterization of two port networks.

Realize network functions in Foster/ Cauer forms

Reference directions for two terminal elements - Kirchhoff’s Laws - Independent and Dependent Sources – Resistance Networks: Node and Mesh analysis of resistance networks containing both voltage and current independent and dependent sources - Source Transformations.

Superposition, Thevenin, Norton and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems applied to resistance networks with dependent and independent current, voltage sources.

Capacitors and Inductors – Current - voltage relationships – Coupled coils – Mutual Inductance – Dot Convention. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis: Review of complex numbers – Rectangular and Polar forms – Phasors and the sinusoidal steady state response - Phasor relationships for R, L and C – Impedance and Admittance – Node and Mesh analysis, Superposition, Source transformation, Thevenin and Norton’s  theorems applied to Phasor circuits – Sinusoidal Steady State power  – Average Power – Maximum power transfer theorem

Laplace Transform as a tool to analyse Circuits – Transformation of a circuit into s domain – Transformed equivalent of resistance, capacitance, inductance and mutual inductance – Impedance and Admittance in the transform domain – Node and Mesh analysis of the transformed circuit  - Excitation by sources and initial conditions – Complete response with switched dc sources - Network theorems applied to the transformed circuit  – Network Functions: Driving point and Transfer functions - Poles and zeros

Frequency Response: Network functions in the sinusoidal steady state with s = jω - Magnitude and Phase response - Magnitude and Phase response of First order Low pass and High pass RC/ RL  circuits.

Filtering: Frequency domain characteristics of ideal filters –– Non - ideal filters  –Approximating functions: Butterworth, Chebyshev and elliptic filters (Magnitude response only). Design of analog filters (Butterworth and Chebyshev). Transformations in the analog domain.

Classification of filters, characteristics impedance and propagation constant of pure reactive network, Ladder network, T section, p section, terminating half section. Pass bands and stop bands. Design of constant-K, m-derived filters. Composite filters

Two Port Networks: Characterization of two port networks, Z, Y, ABCD and h- parameters, reciprocity and symmetry. Inter-relationships between the parameters, inter-connections of two port networks, Ladder and Lattice networks. T & π Representation.

Network Synthesis: Realizability, Positive real function, definition and properties; Hurwitz Polynomial, Properties of LC, RC and RL driving point functions, synthesis of LC, RC and RL driving point immittance functions using Foster and Cauer first and second forms.

T2. Suresh Kumar K. S, “Electric Circuits and Networks”, First Edition , Pearson Education, 2008

T3. Wai-Kai Chen, “Passive and Active Filters-- Theory and Implementations”, John Wiley & Sons, 2009

T4. W H. Hayt, Kemmerly and S M Durbin, “Engineering Circuit Analysis”, Eighth Edition,  Tata Mc.Graw Hill, 2013

R2. M.E. Van Valkenburg, “Design of Analog Filters”, Saunder‘s College Publishing, 2008

R3. V. K. Aatre: “Network Theory and Filter Design”, Second Edition, Wiley Eastern,2014

·         End Semester Examination(ESE)            : 50% (50 marks out of 100 marks)

Components of the CIA

CIA I   :  Subject Assignments / Online Tests                       : 10 marks

CIA II  :   Mid Semester Examination (Theory)                     : 25 marks                  

CIAIII:Quiz/Seminar/Case Studies/Project/Innovative Assignments/presentations/publications                                    : 10 marks

Attendance                                                                             : 05 marks

            Total                                                                                       : 50 marks

Mid Semester Examination (MSE) : Theory Papers:

• The MSE is conducted for 50 marks of 2 hours duration.
• Question paper pattern; Five out of Six questions have to be answered. Each  question carries 10 marks

End Semester Examination (ESE):

The ESE is conducted for 100 marks of 3 hours duration.

The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the principle of operation, capabilities and limitation of various electron devices so that he or she will be able to use these devices effectively.

1. DC Biasing - BJTs : Operating Point, Transistor Biasing circuits (Fixed Bias, Emitter Bias, Voltage Divider Bias, DC Bias with voltage feedback. Transistor as a switch.

2. BJT AC Analysis: BJT as amplifier. Small signal equivalent circuits (Low frequency re and h models only). Small signal analysis of CE, CB, CC (Voltage Divider Bias) configurations using re and hybrid  model – with and without bypass capacitor.

1. JFET: Construction, Operation, Characteristic, Shockley's Equation, Transfer Characteristics and Applications, MOSFET :Enhancement type MOSFET and Depletion MOSFET – Construction, Operation and Characteristics, Handling precautions for MOSFET 

2. FET Biasing: Fixed Bias Configuration, Self – Bias Configuration, Voltage Divider Biasing. Depletion Type MOSFETs, Enhancement Type MOSFETs, FET Amplifiers: FET Small Signal Model  

1. General shape of frequency response of amplifiers. Definition of bel, decibel, cut off frequencies and bandwidth. Low frequency analysis of amplifiers to obtain lower cut off frequency.

2. Hybrid – pi equivalent circuit of BJTs. High frequency analysis of BJT amplifiers to obtain upper cut off frequency

Feedback Amplifiers: Negative and positive feedback. Properties of negative  and positive feedback, negative feedback configurations, analysis of negative feedback amplifiers for gain, frequency response, input impedance, and output impedance of different configurations (voltage series, current series, voltage shunt, and current shunt)

CASCADE SYSTEMS: Analysis of frequency response and gain for BJT and FET amplifiers

POWER CONTROL DEVICES: Power control devices: PNPN diode (Shockley diode)  SCR characteristics – LASCR (Light Activated SCR) – TRIAC – DIAC – Structure & Characteristics. Characteristics and equivalent circuit of UJT - intrinsic stand-off ratio

T2. Jacob Millman & Christos C. Halkias, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, Tata McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2010.

R2. Donald A Neamen, “Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design”, 3/e, TMH.

R3. Albert Paul Malvino, Electronic Principles, 8th Ed, McGraw-Hill Education, 2016.

R4. Sedra and Smith.” Microelectronic Circuits”, 6/e, Oxford University Press, 2010.

R5. David A. Bell, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2007.  

CIA I   :  Subject Assignments / Online Tests                       : 10 marks

CIA II  :   Mid Semester Examination (Theory)                      : 25 marks                  

CIAIII:Quiz/Seminar/Case Studies/Project/Innovative Assignments/presentations/publications                                : 10 marks

Attendance                                                                             : 05 marks

            Total                                                                                       : 50 marks

Mid Semester Examination (MSE) : Theory Papers:

• The MSE is conducted for 50 marks of 2 hours duration.
• Question paper pattern; Five out of Six questions have to be answered. Each  question carries 10 marks

End Semester Examination (ESE):

The ESE is conducted for 100 marks of 3 hours duration.

The syllabus for the theory papers are divided into FIVE units and each unit carries equal Weightage in terms of marks distribution.

The aim of this course is to study the basics of digital circuits and learn methods and fundamental concepts used in the design of digital systems.

Design procedure – Four variable Karnaugh Maps, Adders-Subtractors – Serial adder/Subtractor - Parallel adder/ Subtractor- Carry look ahead adder- BCD adder, Magnitude Comparator. Multiplexer/ Demultiplexer,Encoder / decoder, parity checker, Code converters. Implementation of combinational logic using MUX, ROM, PAL and PLA

Classification of sequential circuits, Moore and Mealy -Design of Synchronous counters: state diagram- State table –State minimization –State assignment- ASM-Excitation table and maps-Circuit implementation - Universal shift register – Shift counters – Ring counters

Design of fundamental mode and pulse mode circuits – primitive state / flow table – Minimization of primitive state table –state assignment – Excitation table – Excitation map- cycles – Races, Hazards: Static –Dynamic –Essential –Hazards elimination.

Introduction – Special Characteristics – Bipolar Transistor Characteristics – RTL and DTL circuits – Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) – Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) – Complementary MOS (CMOS) – CMOS Transmission Gate circuits

Basic Concepts: VLSI Design flow, identifiers, gate primitives, value set, ports, gate delays, structural gate level modeling, Behavioral modeling, Data flow modeling, Design hierarchies, Structural gate level description of combinational and sequential circuits.

T1. M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti, “Digital Design” 5^thEdition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2015/Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.

T2. Samir Palnitkar, “Verilog HDL”, 2 edition, Pearson Education, 2003

T3. Peter.J.Ashenden, “Digital Design: An Embedded Systems Approach Using Verilog”, Elsevier 2010

R1. John .M Yarbrough,” Digital Logic Applications and Design”, Thomson- Vikas Publishing house, New Delhi, 2006.

R2. S. Salivahanan and S. Arivazhagan, “Digital Circuits and Design”, 5th ed., Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2016.

R3. Charles H.Roth, ” Fundamentals of Logic Design”, Thomson Publication Company, 2012.

R4. Donald P.Leach and Albert Paul Malvino, “Digital Principles and Applications”,6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2012.

CIA will be conducted for 50 marks. Later the marks will be scaled down to 30 marks.

Components of the CIA:
CIA I : Subject Assignments / Online Tests : 10 marks
CIA II : Mid Semester Examination (Theory) : 25 marks
CIAIII:Quiz/Seminar/Case Studies/Project/Innovative Assignments/presentations
/publications : 10 marks
Attendance : 05 marks
Total : 50 marks
Mid Semester Examination (MSE) : Theory Papers:
The MSE is conducted for 50 marks of 2 hours duration.
Question paper pattern; Five out of Six questions have to be answered. Each question carries 10
marks

Theory ESE - 30 marks

End Semester Examination (ESE):
The ESE is conducted for 100 marks of 3 hours duration. (100 marks will be scaled down to 30 marks)

Practical - 35 marks

Practical assessment depends on the student's lab discipline, regular attendance, conduction of the lab, observation and record submission and final lab exam.

Attendance - 5 marks

In total, the course is evaluated for 100 (30+30+35+5) marks.

This course aims at imparting the fundamental concepts of Electrostatics and static magnetic fields, basic concepts of Time varying fields and their behaviour in different media, give understanding about analysis of fields in different geometries and application areas of electromagnetic fields

Coulomb‘s  Law  –  Definition  of  Electric  Field  Intensity  –  Principle  of Superposition  –  Electric Flux Density – Gauss Law – Proof of Gauss Law – Applications.  Charge distributions-line, surface, volume. Electric  Scalar  Potential  –  Relationship  between  potential  and  electric  field  -    Potential due to electrical dipole  - Poisson‘s  and  Laplace‘s  equation  –  Electrostatic  energy  and  energy  density  - Electric current  –  Current density  –  point  form of ohm‘s  law  –  continuity equation  for current

The Biot-Savart Law–  Magnetic Field intensity due to a finite and infinite current carrying wire  –  Magnetic  field  intensity  on  the  axis  of  a  circular  and rectangular current carrying loop – Ampere‘s circuital law and simple applications. Current distributions –line, surface and volume. Magnetic flux density – The Lorentz force equation for a moving charge and applications – Magnetic moment – Magnetic Vector Potential-Energy density in magnetic fields

Faraday‘s  law  –  Maxwell‘s  Second  Equation  in  integral  form  from  Faraday‘s  Law  –Equation expressed in point form. Displacement  current  –  Ampere‘s  circuital  law  in  integral  form  –  Modified  form  of Ampere‘s circuital law as Maxwell‘s first equation in integral form  –  Equation expressed in point form. Maxwell‘s four equations in integral form and differential form

Derivation of  Wave Equation  –  Uniform Plane  Waves  –  Maxwell‘s equation  in Phasor form  –  Wave equation in Phasor form  –  Plane waves in free space and in a homogenous material. Wave  equation  for  a  conducting  medium  –  Plane  waves  in  lossy  dielectrics  –Propagation in good conductors – Skin effect, Poynting Vector.

Boundary conditions in vector form - Interaction of waves with dielectric and conducting materials - Normal andOblique incidences, applications of plane waves, Polarization and its types. 

T1.M. N. O. Sadiku., “Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics”, Oxford University Press, 5^th Edition 2010.

T2. E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain., “Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems”, Prentice Hall of   India, 2/E 2^ndEdition 2003. 

T3. Karl E. Lonngren, Sava V. Savov, Randy J. Jost.,“Fundamentals of Electromagnetics with MATLAB”, SciTech Publishing Inc.,2^nd Edition 2007.

R2. NarayanaRao, N., “Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 6^thEdition 2004.

R3. William H.Hayt and John A Buck., “Engineering Electromagnetics”, McGraw-Hill, 6^th Edition 2003.

The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the calibration, measurement, testing and characterization of various sensors and transducers devices and test instruments so that he or she will be able to carry out measurements effectively.

To enable the students to transform the coordinate system, solve the boundary value problems using Fourier series and Fourier transforms as well solving higher order partial differential equations by different methods and difference equations using Z – transform.

Curvilinear Coordinate System, Gradient, divergent, curl and Laplacian  in cylindrical and Spherical Coordinate system, Cylindrical Coordinates, Spherical Coordinates, Transformation between systems.

Formation of partial differential equations by elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary functions – Solution of standard types of first order partial differential equations – Lagrange’s linear equation – Linear partial differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients.

Fourier series – Odd and even functions – Half range Fourier sine and cosine series – Complex form of Fourier series – Harmonic Analysis. Discrete Fourier Sine and Cosine transform

Complex Fourier transform – Sine and  Cosine transforms – Properties – Transforms of simple functions – Convolution theorem – Parseval’s identity. Solution of equations using Fourier transform, Limitation of Fourier series  and Fourier transform and need for Wavelet.

Classification of second order quasi linear partial differential equations – Solutions of one dimensional wave equation – One dimensional heat equation – Two dimensional Laplace equation – Steady state solution of two-dimensional heat equation (Insulated edges excluded) – Fourier series solutions in Cartesian coordinates.

Z-transform - Elementary properties – Inverse Z – transform – Convolution theorem -Formation of difference equations – Solution of difference equations using Z - transform.

T2.  H. K. Das & Rajnish Verma, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 20^th Edition, S. Chand & Company  Ltd.,  2014.

T3. Kandasamy, P., Thilagavathy, K., and Gunavathy, K., “Engineering Mathematics Volume III”, S. Chand & Company ltd., New Delhi, 2003.

R2. B.V. Ramana, 6^th Reprint, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Tata-Macgraw Hill, 2008

R3. Churchill, R.V. and Brown, J.W., “Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems”, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Singapore, 1987.

R4. T.Veera Rajan, “Engineering Mathematics [For Semester III]. Third Edition. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. New Delhi, 2007.

R5. S. L. Loney, “Plane Trigonometry”, Cambridge: University Press.

End Semester Examination(ESE)      : 50% (50 marks out of 100 marks)

Components of the CIA

CIA I  :  Subject Assignments / Online Tests                  : 10 marks

CIA II :   Mid Semester Examination (Theory)                : 25 marks

CIAIII:Quiz/Seminar/Case Studies/Project/Innovative Assignments/presentations/publications                      : 10 marks

Attendance                                                                           : 05 marks

Total                                                                                       : 50 marks

Mid Semester Examination (MSE) : Theory Papers:

The MSE is conducted for 50 marks of 2 hours duration.

Question paper pattern; Five out of Six questions have to be answered. Each  question carries 10 marks

End Semester Examination (ESE):

             The ESE is conducted for 100 marks of 3 hours duration.

             The syllabus for the theory papers are divided into FIVE units and each unit carries equal Weightage in terms of marks distribution.

Question paper pattern is as follows:

Two full questions with either or choice will be drawn from each unit. Each question carries 20 marks. There could be a maximum of three sub divisions in a question. The emphasis on the questions is to test the objectiveness, analytical skill and application skill of the concept, from a question bank which reviewed and updated every year.

The criteria for drawing the questions from the Question Bank are as follows

50 % - Medium Level questions

25 % - Simple level questions

25 % - Complex level questions

Understanding and application of MATLAB and TINKERCAD for biological analysis which would results in better healthcare and any engineer, irrespective of the parent discipline (mechanical, electrical, civil, computer, electronics, etc.,) can use the disciplinary skills toward designing/improving biological systems. This course is designed to convey the essentials of human physiology.

The course will introduce to the students the various fundamental concepts in MATLAB and TINKERCAD for numerical analysis and circuit design using arduino.

1.      To familiarize with Matlab Online and getting used to basic functionalities used in Matlab (arrays, matrices, tables, functions)

2.      To calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) of a person and determine under what category the person falls under – underweight, normal, overweight

3.      To determine the R peaks in given ECG and to find HRV using Matlab.

4.      To determine the R peaks in given ECG and to find HRV using Matlab.

5.      To determine the R peaks in given ECG and to find HRV using Matlab.

6.      Introduction to Tinkercad and using the various tools available for running a simple program of lighting a LED bulb using Arduino (digital).

7.      To design a driver motor in Tinkercad using Arduino and driver motor

8.      To design a temperature sensor in Tinkercad using Arduino and TMP36

9.      To design and simulate gas sensors using potentiometers, Arduino and servo motors

10.  To design and simulate measuring pulse sensors using photodiodes, IR LED and Arduino

11.  Preparation of biopolymers (polylactic acid) at home using home-based ingredients.

The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the analysis and design of feedback amplifiers, oscillators, tuned amplifiers, wave shaping circuits, multivibrators and blocking oscillators using BJT  and Op-Amps

Mechanism for start of oscillation and stabilization of amplitude: Tank Circuit. Positive Feedback: Barkhausen Criterion. RC phase shift Oscillator. Wien bridge Oscillator. Analysis of LC Oscillators, Colpitts, Hartley, Clapp oscillators. Frequency range of RC and LC Oscillators. Quartz Crystal Construction. Electrical equivalent circuit of Crystal. Pierce crystal Oscillator circuit.

Transistor switching times. (Delay, rise, storage and fall time). Analysis of collector coupled Astable, Monostable and Bistable multivibrators. UJT Relaxation Oscillator.

Power Amplifier: Definition and amplifier types – efficiency – classification. Transformer coupled Class A amplifier – Transformer coupled class – B and class – AB amplifiers – Complementary Symmetry – Push pull amplifier. Calculation of efficiency, power output and dissipation. Amplifier Distortion – Cross over distortion. Power of a signal having distortion. Power Transistor heat sinking.

Tuned Amplifiers: Basic principle – Concept of resonance – coil loses, unloaded and loaded Q of tank circuits. Basic tuned amplifier using BJT – Q factor – Selectivity – instability of tuned amplifier – Stabilization techniques – Class C tuned Amplifiers and their applications. Efficiency of class C tuned amplifier.

Operational Amplifier: Simplified Internal Circuit of 741 – opamp. Opamp parameters: Input bias current, Input Offset Current, Input Offset Voltage, Thermal drift, Voltage Gain, Input and Output Impedance, CMRR, Slewrate. Low frequency and High Frequency equivalent model of opamp

Inverting and Non Inverting Amplifier: Analysis, Frequency response of inverting and non-inverting amplifier.[Analysis to show the effect of frequency on the voltage gain] Summing Amplifier [Adder], Difference Amplifier [ Subtractor].

Instrumentation amplifiers, V to I and I to V converters and their applications, Logarithmic Amplifier, Antilogarithmic Amplifier, Comparators, Schmitt Trigger, Square and triangular waveform generator

First order Low pass, High pass Filters, Frequency Response. Second Order Low Pass and High Pass Filters, - Bandpass and band elimination filters, Notch Filter, All Pass filters. 

D/A converters: DAC characteristics- resolution, output input equations, weighted resistor, R-2R network.

A/D converter: ADC characteristics, Types - Dual slope, Counter ramp, Successive approximation, flash ADC, oversampling and delta sigma ADC.

Waveform generators – grounded capacitor VCO and emitter coupled VCO.

Basic PLL topology and principle, transient response of PLL, Linear model of PLL, Major building blocks of PLL – analog and digital phase detector, VCO, filter. Applications of PLL. Monolithic PLL - IC LM565.

555 Timer Astable Multivibrator and Monostable Multi vibrator using  555 IC

R1. Donald A Neamen, “Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design”, 3/e, TMH.

R2. Behzad Razavi,” Design of Analog CMOS IC”, 2^nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.

R3. David A. Bell, “Operational Amplifiers and Linear ICs”, 3rd Edition, OUP, 2011.

R4. David A. Johns, Ken Martin, “Analog Integrated Circuit Design”, 2^nd Edition, Wiley India, 2008.

CIA I   :  Subject Assignments / Online Tests                       : 10 marks

CIA II  :   Mid Semester Examination (Theory)                      : 25 marks                  

CIAIII:Quiz/Seminar/Case Studies/Project/Innovative Assignments/presentations/publications                                : 10 marks

Attendance                                                                             : 05 marks

            Total                                                                                       : 50 marks

Mid Semester Examination (MSE) : Theory Papers:

• The MSE is conducted for 50 marks of 2 hours duration.
• Question paper pattern; Five out of Six questions have to be answered. Each  question carries 10 marks

End Semester Examination (ESE):

The ESE is conducted for 100 marks of 3 hours duration.

The syllabus for the theory papers are divided into FIVE units and each unit carries equal Weightage in terms of marks distribution.

The course aims at providing an in-depth understanding of modern antenna concepts, practical antenna design for various applications explaining the theory of different types of antennas used in communication systems. This course also provides a study for the analysis and design of arrays, wave propagation and antenna measurements.

Basics of antenna Parameters: Radiation intensity, Directivity, Power gain, Beam Width, Band Width, polarization, Input impedance, Efficiency, Effective length and Effective area, Antenna Temperature, Reciprocity principle, Friss Transmission equation, Radiation mechanism, Current distribution on thin wire antenna, Retarded vector potential, Fields associated with oscillating dipole. Power radiated and radiation resistance of current element, Radiation resistance of half-wave dipole and quarter-wave monopole, Loop Antennas, Radiation from small loop and its radiation resistance.

Array of point sources: Expression for electric field for  two point sources of equal amplitude and phase, equal amplitude and opposite phase and unequal amplitude and any phase, Linear array of N isotropic point sources. Broad side array, End fire array, Method of pattern multiplication. Non-uniform Distribution – Binomial array, Dolph –Chebyshev array

Travelling Wave Antennas- Radiation from a traveling wave on a wire, Rhombic Antennas-Design and Analysis of Rhombic antenna, Yagi Uda Antennas –Three element Yagi antennas. Log periodic antenna – Types and Design of LPDA, Helical antenna-Design, Normal mode and axial mode operation, Horn Antenna – Field on the axis of an E-Plane and H-Plane sectoral Horn, Radiation from an elemental area of a plane wave (Huygens’s Source),Lens Antenna- Dielectric lens and metal plane lens antennas, Dish antennas- Reflector type of antennas.

Ground wave propagation: Attenuation characteristics for ground wave propagation, Calculation of field strength at a distance. Space wave propagation: Reflection from ground for vertically and horizontally polarized waves, Reflection characteristics of earth, Resultant of direct and reflected ray at the receiver, Duct propagation. Sky wave propagation: Structure of the ionosphere. Effective dielectric constant of ionized region, Mechanism of refraction, Refractive index, Critical frequency, Skip distance, Energy loss in the ionosphere due to collisions, Maximum usable frequency, Fading and Diversity reception.

Measurement Ranges, Absorbing materials, anechoic chamber, Compact antenna test ranges, Pattern Measurement Arrangement, Impedance Measurement, Phase & Gain measurements, VSWR measurements. Application of Antennas (Overview): Antennas for Mobile communication, Satellite Communication (LEO, MEO, GEO Satellite Antennas, Cubesats), Antennas for Biomedical, Mammography and Microwave Imaging applications, Implantable antennas.

• Demonstrate a knowledge and understanding of the fundamental concepts and principles of signals and systems.
• Demonstrate spectral analysis of CT periodic and aperiodic signals using CT Fourier and Laplace methods.
• Analyse and characterization of total response, impulse response and frequency response of LTI CT systems.
• Interpret discrete time signal by Discrete Time Fourier transforms and Z transform.
• Analyse and Characterization of total response, impulse response and frequency response of LTI DT systems.

Continuous Time signals (CT signals), Discrete Time signals (DT signals) - Step, Ramp, Impulse, Exponential, Classification of CT and DT signals - periodic and aperiodic, Energy and power, even and odd, Deterministic and Random signals, Transformation on Independent variables -CT systems and DT systems, Properties of Systems – Linearity, Causality, Time Invariance, Stability, Invertibility and LTI Systems.

Fourier Series Analysis, Spectrum of CT Signals, Continuous Time Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform in Signal Analysis, Properties of Fourier Transform, Laplace Transform-Properties-ROC, Parseval’s Theorem, Sampling Theorem and Aliasing.

Differential equations-Total Response- Fourier Transform & Laplace Transform, Impulse response, Convolution Integral, Frequency response

Spectrum of DT Signals, Discrete Time Fourier Transform (DTFT), Z-Transform in signal analysis, Z-transform-Properties-ROC and Inverse Z Transform-Partial Fraction-Long Division.

Difference equations, Total Response-Z- Transform, Impulse response, Convolution sum, Frequency response.

T2. M. J. Roberts, Signals and Systems Analysis using Transform method and MATLAB, TMH 2003.

R2. Simon Haykin and Barry Van Veen, Signals and Systems, John Wiley, 2009

R3. K. Lindner, “Signals and Systems”, McGraw Hill International, 2009

R4. Michael J Roberts, "Fundamentals of Signals and systems" Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.

·         End Semester Examination(ESE)      : 50% (50 marks out of 100 marks)

Components of the CIA

CIA I   :  Subject Assignments / Online Tests                      : 10 marks

CIA II  :   Mid Semester Examination (Theory)                    : 25 marks                  

CIA III            : Quiz/Seminar/Case Studies/Project/

              Innovative Assignments/presentations/publications       : 10 marks

Attendance                                                                             : 05 marks

            Total                                                                                       : 50 marks

Mid Semester Examination (MSE) : Theory Papers:

• The MSE is conducted for 50 marks of 2 hours duration.
• Question paper pattern; Five out of Six questions have to be answered. Each  question carries 10 marks

End Semester Examination (ESE):

The ESE is conducted for 100 marks of 3 hours duration.

The syllabus for the theory papers are divided into FIVE units and each unit carries equal weightage in terms of marks distribution.

Question paper pattern is as follows.

Two full questions with either or choice will be drawn from each unit. Each question carries 20 marks. There could be a maximum of three sub divisions in a question. The emphasis on the questions is to test the objectiveness, analytical skill and application skill of the concept, from a question bank which reviewed and updated every year

The criteria for drawing the questions from the Question Bank are as follows

50 % - Medium Level questions

25 % - Simple level questions

25 % - Complex level questions

To discuss the basic structure of a digital computer and to study in detail the organization of the Control unit, the Arithmetic and Logical unit, Memory unit and Intel Processors.

A Brief History of computers, Von Neumann Architecture, Harvard architecture, Computer Components, Functional units - Basic operational concepts - Bus structures - Software performance – Memory locations and addresses-Addition and subtraction of signed numbers – Design of fast adders – Multiplication of positive numbers - Hardware Implementation- Signed operand multiplication.

Booths Algorithm- fast multiplication – Integer division & it’s Hardware Implementation – Restoring and Non Restoring algorithms-Fundamental concepts – Execution of a complete instruction – Multiple bus organization – Hardwired control – Micro-programmed control - Pipelining – Basic concepts – Data hazards – operand forwarding-Instruction hazards- Instruction Set architecture for logical operation

Intel 8086 Microprocessor - Internal architecture – segment registers- 8086 memory organization–Flag Register-logical and physical address calculation-Block diagram of Minimum and maximum mode  and its operations – Interrupt and Interrupt applications-Assembly language programming of 8086.

Memory Interfacing and I/O interfacing - Parallel communication interface – Serial communication interface – Timer –Interrupt controller – DMA controller – Programming and applications

Advanced Intel Microprocessors- Reduced Instruction cycle – five stage instruction pipe line – Integrated coprocessor – On board cache – Burst Bus mode. Pentium – super scalar architecture – u-v pipe line – branch prediction logic – cache structure – BIST (built in self-test) – Introduction to MMX technology. Case Study

T2. Douglous V. Hall “Microprocessor and Interfacing”  3^rd edition ,Tata McGraw Hill,2015.

T3.James L. Antonakos , “ The Pentium Microprocessor ‘’ Pearson Education, 2007

R2. David A.Patterson and John L.Hennessy, “Computer Organization and Design: The hardware / software interface”, 3rd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2008

R3. John P.Hayes, “Computer Architecture and Organization”, 4^th  Edition, McGrawHill, 2003.

· End Semester Examination(ESE)      : 50% (50 marks out of 100 marks)

Components of the CIA

CIA I   :  Subject Assignments / Online Tests                      : 10 marks

CIA II  :   Mid Semester Examination (Theory)                    : 25 marks                 

CIA III            : Quiz/Seminar/Case Studies/Project/Innovative Assignments/presentations/publications       : 10 marks

Attendance                                                                             : 05 marks

 Total                                                                                       : 50 marks

Mid Semester Examination (MSE) : Theory Papers:

The MSE is conducted for 50 marks of 2 hours duration.

Question paper pattern; Five out of Six questions have to be answered. Each  question carries 10 marks

End Semester Examination (ESE):

The ESE is conducted for 100 marks of 3 hours duration.

The syllabus for the theory papers are divided into FIVE units and each unit carries equal weightage in terms of marks distribution.

This course aims to introduce the concepts, terminologies, and technologies used in modern data communication and computer networking. It also gives an introduction to the IEEE standards used for WLAN for physical ant MAC layer.

Components – Direction of Data flow – networks – Components and Categories – types of Connections – Topologies –Protocols and Standards – ISO / OSI model – Transmission Media – Coaxial Cable – Fiber Optics – Line Coding – Modems – RS232 Interfacing sequences. TCP/IP.

Error – detection and correction – Parity – LRC – CRC – Hamming code – Flow Control and Error control: stop and wait – go back N ARQ – selective repeat ARQ- sliding window techniques – HDLC. LAN: Ethernet IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.4, and IEEE 802.11

Internetworks - Packet Switching and Datagram approach – IP addressing methods IP Multicasting and broadcasting– Subnetting – Routing – Distance Vector Routing – Link State Routing – Routers.

Duties of transport layer – Multiplexing – Demultiplexing – Sockets – User Datagram Protocol (UDP) – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – Congestion Control – Quality of services (QOS) – Integrated Service

IEEE 802.11––  Architecture, Types of stations, 802.11 MAC- DCF, PCF, Hidden Node Problem, RTS,CTS, 802.11 Frame Format, Adhoc Routing Protocols – Proactive Routing, OLSR, Reactive Routing, AODV, Multipath Routing.

R2. Larry L.Peterson & Peter S. Davie, “COMPUTER NETWORKS”, Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltd., 5^th  Edition,2011

R3. Andrew S. Tannenbaum, “Computer Networks”, PHI, 5^th  Edition, 2016

R4. William Stallings, “Data and Computer Communication”, 8^th  Edition, Pearson Education, 2013

R5. Azzedine Boukerche “Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless, Mobile AdHoc Networks”, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2008

To understand the scope and importance of environmental science towards developing a conscious community for environmental issues, both at global and local scale.  

CO2. Explain the necessity of natural resources management (L2, PO1, PO2 and PO7)

CO3.Relate the causes and impacts of environmental pollution (L4, PO1, PO2, and PO3, PO4)

CO4.Relate climate change/global atmospheric changes and adaptation (L4,PO7)

CO5. Appraise the role of technology and institutional mechanisms for environmental protection (L5, PO8)

Environment and Eco systems – Definition, Scope and importance. Components of environment. Concept and Structure of eco systems. Material Cycles – Nitrogen, Carbon, Sulphur, Phosphorous, Oxygen. Energy Flow and classification of Eco systems.   

Classification and importance- Forest, Water, Mineral, Food, Energy. Management of natural resources – challenges and methods. Sustainable development – Goals, Agriculture, Industries

Causes and Impacts – Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil Pollution, Noise Pollution, Marine Pollution, Municipal Solid Wastes, Bio Medical and E-Waste. Solid Waste Management

Global Temperature, Greenhouse effect, global energy balance, Global warming potential, International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) Emission scenarios, Oceans and climate change. Adaptation methods. Green Climate fund. Climate change related planning- small islands and coastal region. Impact on women, children, youths and marginalized communities

Technology, Modern Tools – GIS and  Remote Sensing,. Institutional Mechanisms - Environmental Acts and Regulations, Role of government, Legal aspects. Role of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) , Environmental Education and Entrepreneurship

T2Asthana and Asthana, “A text Book of Environmental Studies”, S. Chand, New Delhi, Revised Edition, 2010 [Unit: I, II, III and V]

T3Nandini. N, Sunitha. N and Tandon. S, “environmental Studies” , Sapana, Bangalore,  June 2019 [Unit: I, II, III and IV]

T4R Rajagopalan, “Environmental Studies – From Crisis to Cure”, Oxford, Seventh University Press, 2017, [Unit: I, II, III and IV]

R2.Masters, G andEla, W.P (2015), Introduction to environmental Engineering and Science, 3rd Edition. Pearson., New Delhi, 2013.

R3.Raman Sivakumar, “Principals of Environmental Science and Engineering”, Second Edition, Cengage learning Singapore, 2005.

R4.P. Meenakshi, “Elements of Environmental Science and Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2006.

R5.S.M. Prakash, “Environmental Studies”, Elite Publishers Mangalore, 2007

R6.ErachBharucha, “Textbook of Environmental Studies”, for UGC, University press, 2005.

R7. Dr. Pratiba Sing, Dr. AnoopSingh and Dr. PiyushMalaviya, “Textbook of Environmental and Ecology”, Acme Learning Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

The objective of this course is to describe the fundamentals and advanced concepts of probability theory, random process, queuing theory to support the graduate courseworkand research in electrical and electronics engineering

Axioms of probability - Conditional probability,  Random variable - Probability mass function - Probability density function  - Properties. Mathematical Expectation and Moments Relation between central and Non-central moments.

Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Negative Binomial, Uniform, Exponential, Gamma, Weibull and Normal distributions and their properties - Functions of a random variable. Moments - Moment generating functions and their properties.

Joint distributions - Marginal and conditional distributions – Covariance – Correlation and regression - Transformation of random variables - Central limit theorem.

Classification - Stationary process - Markov process - Poisson process - Birth and death process - Markov chains - Transition probabilities - Limiting distributions. Transition Diagram.

Markovian models – M/M/1, M/M/C , finite and infinite capacity - M/M/∞ queues - Finite source model -  M/G/1 queue (steady state solutions only) – Pollaczek – Khintchine formula – Special cases. Single and Multiple Server System.

T2. Medhi J., “Stochastic Processes”, 3^rd Edition,New Age Publishers, New Delhi, 2009. 

T3. .Veerarajan, “Probability, Statistics and Random process”, Third Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,  2009.

R2. Taha, H. A., “Operations Research-An Introduction”, Eighth Edition, Pearson      Education Edition Asia, Delhi, 2015.

R3. Gross, D. and Harris, C.M., “Fundamentals of Queuing theory”, John Wiley and

Sons, Third Edition, New York, 2008.

·         End Semester Examination(ESE)      : 50% (50 marks out of 100 marks)

Components of the CIA

CIA I   :  Subject Assignments / Online Tests                      : 10 marks

CIA II  :   Mid Semester Examination (Theory)                    : 25 marks                  

CIA III            : Quiz/Seminar/Case Studies/Project/

              Innovative Assignments/presentations/publications       : 10 marks

Attendance                                                                             : 05 marks

            Total                                                                                       : 50 marks

Mid Semester Examination (MSE) : Theory Papers:

• The MSE is conducted for 50 marks of 2 hours duration.
• Question paper pattern; Five out of Six questions have to be answered. Each  question carries 10 marks

End Semester Examination (ESE):

The ESE is conducted for 100 marks of 3 hours duration.

The syllabus for the theory papers are divided into FIVE units and each unit carries equal weightage in terms of marks distribution.

Question paper pattern is as follows.

Two full questions with either or choice will be drawn from each unit. Each question carries 20 marks. There could be a maximum of three sub divisions in a question. The emphasis on the questions is to test the objectiveness, analytical skill and application skill of the concept, from a question bank which reviewed and updated every year

The criteria for drawing the questions from the Question Bank are as follows

50 % - Medium Level questions

25 % - Simple level questions

25 % - Complex level questions

By the end of the course, students will be able to:

i) Develop a working knowledge for how computers operate and how computer programs are executed.

ii) Evolve critical thinking and problem-solving skills using an algorithmic approach.

iii) Learn about the programmer’s role in the software development process.

iv) Translate real-world issues into computer-solvable problems.

Introduction to Python and computer programming: Programming – absolute basics, Python – a tool, not a reptile, First program, Python literals, Operators – data manipulation tools, Variables.

Making decisions in Python, Python's loops, Logic and bit operations in Python, Lists – collections of data, Sorting simple lists – the bubble sort algorithm, Lists – some more details, Lists in advanced applications.

Writing functions in Python, How functions communicate with their environment, Returning a result from a function, Scopes in Python. Creating functions, Tuples and dictionaries.

Using modules, Some useful modules, Package, Errors, The anatomy of an exception, Some of the most useful exceptions, Characters and strings vs. computers, The nature of Python's strings, String methods, Strings in action.

Basic concepts of object programming, A short journey from the procedural to the object approach, Properties, Methods, and Inheritance – one of object programming foundations, Generators and closures, Processing files, Working with real files.

T1. Eric Matthes, “Python Crash Course”, 2nd Edition: A Hands-On, Project-Based Introduction to Programming, No Starch Press, Inc, 2016.

T2. Paul Barry, “Head first Python”, 2nd Edition, O’Reilly, 2017.

R1: Paul Barry, “Head First Python: A Brain-Friendly Guide”, Shroff/O'Reilly; Second edition (1 December 2016).

R2: Martin C. Brown, ”Python: The Complete Reference”, McGraw Hill Education; Forth edition (20 March 2018).

End Semester Examination (ESE)        : 50% (50 marks out of 100 marks)

•          To understand the need for machine learning

•          To discover supervised and unsupervised learning paradigm of machine learning

•          To learn various machine learning techniques

•      To design suitable machine learning algorithms for solving problems

Basic methods: Distance-based methods, Nearest-Neighbours, Decision Trees, Naive Bayes.Linear models: Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, Generalized Linear Models.Support Vector Machines.

Clustering: K-means/Kernel K-means,Dimensionality Reduction: PCA and kernel PCA, Matrix Factorization and Matrix Completion.

Neural Network Representation – Problems – Perceptrons – Multilayer Networks and Back Propagation Algorithms – Advanced Topics.

Bayes Theorem – Concept Learning – Maximum Likelihood – Minimum Description Length Principle – Bayes Optimal Classifier – Gibbs Algorithm – Naïve Bayes Classifier – Bayesian Belief Network – EM Algorithm.

K- Nearest Neighbour Learning – Locally weighted Regression – Radial Basis Functions – Case Based Learning- Learning from perfect domain theories-Explanation based learning-Search control knowledge.

T1. Kevin Murphy, Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective, MIT Press, 2012

T2. Tom M. Mitchell, ―Machine Learning, McGraw-Hill Education (India) Private Limited, 2013.

R2.Stephen Marsland, ―Machine Learning: An Algorithmic Perspective, CRC Press, 2009.

R3.T. Hastie, R. Tibshirani, J. H. Friedman, “The Elements of Statistical Learning”, Springer; 1st edition, 2001.

R4. Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani, Jerome Friedman, The Elements of Statistical Learning, Springer 2009 (freely available online)

R5.Christopher Bishop, Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, Springer, 2007.

End Semester Examination 50%

This course aims at providing students knowledge in the basic concepts of linear control theory, modern control theory and design of control systems.

Basic elements in control systems – Open and closed loop systems – Transfer function. Mathematical Modeling of Systems: Electrical Systems, Mechanical Systems[Translational and Rotational Mechanical Systems], Electro Mechanical Systems. Liquid Level Systems. Electrical analogy of mechanical Systems– Force Voltage and Force Voltage Analogy Block Diagram - Block diagram reduction techniques – Signal flow graphs – Mason’s Gain Formula

Time response – Transient and Steady State Response. Order and Type of System. Concept of Poles and Zeros. Response of First Order Systems to Unit Impulse Input, Unit Step Input and Unit Ramp Input. Response of Second Order Systems to Unit Impulse Input, and Unit Step Input. Time domain specifications – Peak Time, Rise Time, Maximum Overshoot, Settling Time.

Error: Steady State Error, Static Error Constants  - Generalized error series – Dynamic Error Constants – Controllers, P, PI, PID modes of feedback control 

Stability of Control Systems: BIBO Stability. Location of poles and stability. Characteristics equation –Routh Hurwitz criterion

Root Locus – Effect of pole, zero addition, Simple design using Root Locus.

Frequency response – Frequency Response Specifications – Gain Margin, Phase Margin, Bandwidth, Resonant Peak, Resonant Frequency.  Bode plot – Constant Gain, Simple and Repeated Pole, Simple and Repeated Zero.

Polar plot – Nyquist Stability Criterion. Determination of closed loop response from open loop response. Compensation - Lead, Lag, Lead Lag Compensation

State Space Analysis - State Model - State vector - Modeling of electrical and mechanical systems in state space. Decomposition of transfer function - Direct, Cascade, Parallel. State Transition Matrix, Properties, Solution of State Space Equation - Observability and Controllability – Kalman’s and Gilbert’s Test

T2. I.J. Nagrath & M. Gopal, “Control Systems Engineering”, 4th edition,New Age International Publishers, 2015

·         End Semester Examination(ESE)      : 50% (50 marks out of 100 marks)

Components of the CIA

CIA I   :  Subject Assignments / Online Tests                      : 10 marks

CIA II  :   Mid Semester Examination (Theory)                    : 25 marks                  

CIA III            : Quiz/Seminar/Case Studies/Project/

              Innovative Assignments/presentations/publications       : 10 marks

Attendance                                                                             : 05 marks

            Total                                                                                       : 50 marks

Mid Semester Examination (MSE) : Theory Papers:

• The MSE is conducted for 50 marks of 2 hours duration.
• Question paper pattern; Five out of Six questions have to be answered. Each  question carries 10 marks

End Semester Examination (ESE):

The ESE is conducted for 100 marks of 3 hours duration.

The syllabus for the theory papers are divided into FIVE units and each unit carries equal weightage in terms of marks distribution.

• Analyze and Compute FFT of a discrete time signal.
• Design the various FIR filter techniques.
• Design the various IIR filter techniques.
• Analyze the finite word length effects in signal processing.
• Learn the fundamentals of digital signal processors.

Introduction to DFT – Efficient computation of DFT- Properties of DFT – FFT algorithms – Radix-2 FFT algorithms – Decimation in Time – Decimation in Frequency algorithms –sectioned convolution- overlap add method- overlap save method.

Linear phase filters-Frequency response of linear phase FIR filters-Fourier series method of designing FIR filters-Windowing techniques for design of linear phase FIR filters:Rectangular- Hamming- Hanning-Blackman windows - Gibbs phenomenon –principle of frequency sampling technique- FIR Filter Realization-Direct form,Cascade ,Linear phase FIR realization.

Review of design of analogue Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters- Design of IIR digital filters using impulse invariance technique –bilinear transformation – pre warping –Frequency transformation in digital domain – IIR Filter Realization - Direct form I, Direct form II, cascade and parallel.

Binary fixed point and floating point number representations - Comparison- Quantization noise – truncation and rounding-derivation for quantization noise power – input quantization error-coefficient quantization error –limit cycle oscillations-dead band problems - Overflow error-signal scaling.

Introduction to DSP Architecture – Dedicated MAC unit - Features of C6X Processor - Internal Architecture - Functional Units and Operation - Addressing Modes

T2. S. K. Mitra- “Digital Signal Processing- A Computer based approach”, TataMc-Graw-Hill, 2001, New Delhi.

T3. B. Venkataramani & M.Bhaskar, Digital Signal Processor Architecture-Programming and Application, Tata Mc-GrawHill 2002

R2. Johny R-Johnson: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Prentice-Hall- 1984

R3. Emmanuel I Fetchor “Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach”, 2/E -Prentice Hall

R4. Li Tan “ Digital Signal Processing” Elsevier-2008

R5. Andreas Antoniou, “Digital Signal Processing”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006

This course aims atlearning the architecture programming and interfacing of  Microcontrollers (ARM and 8051)

Architecture – Program memory organization – Data memory organization- Internal RAM-SFR-Flag Register- Timers/Counters & its operation registers –Interrupts of 8051 - I/O ports and its structures  Interfacing I/O Devices – External memory interfacing-8051 addressing modes.

Instruction set –Data Transfer Instructions - Arithmetic Instructions – Logical Instructions –Control transfer-Bit Manipulation Instructions – Timer/ Counter Programming – Serial Communication Programming- Interrupt Programming & its structure  – I/O port Programming Assembly language programming, Introduction to Embedded C.

Interfacing LCD Display –  Matrix Keypad Interfacing – ADC Interfacing –DAC Interfacing –Sensor Interfacing –Interfacing with 8255 Controlling AC appliances – Stepper Motor Control – DC Motor Interfacing.

The ARM architecture– Bus Architecture-ARM organization and implementation – Addressing Modes-The ARM instruction set - The thumb instruction set– ARM assembly language program

Processors and hardware units in an embedded system-Embedded Systems on a Chip (SoC) –Serial Communication Devices -Parallel Port Devices-Advanced I/O Serial high speed buses-Interrupt Routines Handling in RTOS- RTOS Task scheduling models-Inter process communication and synchronisation -Case Study.

T2. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay, Danny Causey ‘ 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using Assembly and C ’ ,2^nd edition, Prentice Hall of India,2008

R2. Steve Furber , ‘’ ARM System On –Chip architecture “Addision Wesley , 2^nd edition,2000.

The objectives of this course is to introduce and explain the various optical fiber modes, configurations and various signal degradation factors associated with an optical fibers, understand about the various optical sources and detectors, identify their use in an optical communication system and study the concepts of digital transmission

Introduction,Historical development, general system, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of optical fiber communication, optical fiber waveguides, Ray theory, single mode fiber, cutoff wave length, mode filed diameter. Optical Fibers: fiber materials, photonic crystal, fiber optic cables specialty fibers. Introduction, Attenuation, absorption, scattering losses, bending loss, dispersion, Intra model dispersion, Inter model dispersion

Introduction, LED’s, LASER diodes, Photo detectors, Photo detector noise, Response time, double hetero junction structure, Photo diodes, comparison of photo detectors. fiber alignment and joint loss, , fiber splices, fiber connectors and fiber couplers

Analog links – Introduction, overview of analog links, CNR, multichannel transmission techniques, RF over fiber, key link parameters, Radio over fiber links, microwave photonics. Digital links – Introduction, point–to–point links, System considerations, link power budget, resistive budget, short wave length band, and transmission distance for single mode fibers, Power penalties, nodal noise and chirping.

WDM concepts, overview of WDM operation principles, WDM standards, Mach-Zehender interferometer, multiplexer, Isolators and circulators, optical components, MEMS technology, variable optical attenuators, tunable optical fibers, dynamic gain equalizers, optical drop multiplexers, polarization controllers, chromatic dispersion compensators, tunable light sources.

Optical transmitters and receivers, System block diagram - point to point link – link design, power budget analysis. WDM- DWDM and SONET/SDH. Introduction to AON, PON and FTH

The aim of this course is to introduce the architecture, programming and interfacing of peripheral devices with embedded boards for IOT applications and design IOT based smart applications.

CO1: Understand the architecture, programming and interfacing principles of ATMEGA32 AVR microcontroller and Rasberry Pi

CO2: Understand the applications of ATMEGA32 AVR microcontroller, Microprocessor and Rasberry Pi in IoT

CO3: Analyze the design scheme for IoT using Microcontrollers

Network Architecture - Sensor Network Scenarios- Optimization Goals and Figures of Merit- Physical Layer and Transceiver Design Considerations-MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks- Introduction of sensors and transducers.

ATMEGA328 microcontroller - Architecture- memory organisation – Operating modes – On chip peripherals- Embedded communication interfaces-  Example programs using Arduino IDE- Integration of peripherals (Buttons & switches, digital inputs, Matrix keypad, Basic RGB color-mixing, electromechanical devices- Displays- sensors(Temperature, Pressure, Humidity, Water level etc.), camera, real time clock, relays, actuators, Bluetooth, Wi-fi).

Definition of IoT- Applications and Verticals- System Architecture-Typical Process Flows-Technological Enablers- Open Standard Reference Model- Design Constraints and Considerations- IoT Security-  Experiments using Arduino Platform

Introduction to Raspberry pi – configuration of Raspberry pi – programming raspberry pi - Implementation of IOT with Rasberry pi

{This unit is entirely practical based}           

Implementation of a IOT based real time system. The concept of the specific embedded design has to be discussed. Eg: Smart Irrigation using IOT/ IoT Based Biometrics Implementation on Raspberry Pi/ Automation etc. Note: Unit – V will be based on a group project. Each group comprising of maximum 3 members. Any microcontroller can be used in Unit-V.

T2. Ali Mazidi, Sarmad Naimi, Sepehr Naimi “AVR Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C”, Pearson 2013